Totally thoracoscopic closure of ventricular septal defect without a robotically assisted surgical system: A summary of 119 cases Zeng-Shan Ma, MD, Chang-Yong Yang, MD, Ming-Feng Dong, MD, Shu-Ming Wu, MD, Le-Xin Wang, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 147, Issue 3, Pages 863-868 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.065 Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Location of the 3 ports on the right chest wall. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 147, 863-868DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.065) Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Function of the 3 ports. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 147, 863-868DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.065) Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 3 Closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014 147, 863-868DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.065) Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions