Staff Preference for CAPS Workshop and Analysis January 2012 Brinton Foy Reed Dr. Catherine Chan-Halbrendt Hello, my name is Brinton Reed and I’m a member of the SMARTS Team. Jacqueline introduced SANREM and the components of CAPS. Now we will learn about and conduct analytic hierarchy process to determine your preference for CAPS options. Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Presentation Outline I. Introduction to analytic hierarchy process II. Goal, objectives, and CAPS III. Survey instructions Survey V. Discussion of Results First I will introduce analytic hierarchy process and how it works. Then, I will show you how relates to CAPS and we will conduct the exercise. Afterwards, you’ll have a short break and when you return, we will discuss the results of the survey.

What is analytic hierarchy process (AHP)? I. Introduction to analytic hierarchy process What is analytic hierarchy process (AHP)? A multi-criteria, multi-level decision-making method Breaks down complex decisions into a series of simple questions reflecting an optimal goal, objectives, and various options Provides a structured technique for organizing and analyzing differing preferences for CAPS options Read slide

AHP Hierarchy II. Goal, objectives, and CAPS GOAL: OBJECTIVES: Improved Income OBJECTIVES: Profit Labor Saving Yield Soil Quality OPTIONS: To conduct AHP, one must first design a decision-making hierarchy using three major steps: First determine the main goal, in this case, improved income. Second, determine the objectives in meeting that goal, that are most affected by the options being considered. In this case, these objectives are Profit, Labor Saving, Yield, and Soil Quality, all of which will be discussed in more detail on the next slide. The third step is to list each of the options available for meeting objectives and, in turn, the goal. To conduct AHP, each objective is compared in pairs to determine their importance with respect to the overall goal. Then, the options are compared in pairs to determine their importance with respect to each of the objectives. For each pair-wise comparison, a scale is used to show how strongly one element is compared to the other. Don’t worry, we’ll go through an example before we start. The goal and objectives were determined using survey data from each village???, focus groups, local expert advice, and literature review. The CAPS options were determined using survey data from each village??? And advice from agronomists. (if asked) FP (Full Till, Millet) CAPS 1 (Full Till, Cowpea) CAPS 2 (Full Till, Millet/Cowpea Intercrop) CAPS 3 (Strip Tillage, Millet/Cowpea Intercrop)

CAPS –Maize Based Systems GOAL: Improved Income OBJECTIVES: Profit Labor Saving Yield Soil Quality CAPS –Maize Based Systems FP(Full Till / Millet), CAPS 1(Full Till / Cowpea), CAPS 2(Full Till / CP+M), CAPS 3(Strip Till / CP+M) For this exercise, we will use various icons to indicate objectives, mentioned in the previous slide. Their purpose is to help avoid confusion and ensure we are all on the same page, literally. These icons represent increases in profit, labor savings, yield, and soil quality. Now let’s look at the CAPS options. All of them grow maize in the first season so we only list second season crops and method of tillage in this exercise. (Read CAPS)

Projected results of CAPS implementation This table represents the results we can expect from the implementation of each CAPS. Profit is the value of all of the harvested crops minus costs. Labor saving is a measure of labor hours saved by implementing each CAPS. Yield is determined by crop selection and quantity of each crop harvested. Soil Quality is a measure of the soil’s capacity to grow plants and includes nutrient concentrations, moisture content, and soil structure. These icons help us put each CAPS option in order visually, by each objective. For example, FP provides the least profit while CAPS 1 provides the most profit (but not necessarily 4x as much). Let’s take another example, if you were to implement CAPS 1 instead of CAPS3, your profit would be a bit higher, as would soil quality and yield but the amount of labor hours you saved would be lower. Please note that the red X in the second objective, labor saving, represents increased savings of labor; in other words, more X’s mean less labor is required for farming. FP vs Farmer Practice?? 4X yield?

III. Survey instructions For each comparison, we will follow two steps: State which element is most important or preferred to meeting the goal or objective Circle the level of importance or preference compared to the other option using the scale provided. Scale of Importance We will determine each of your preferences by asking you to compare combinations of the goal, objectives, and CAPS . Please take a look at page 1 of your answer sheets. Facilitators, please pass out candy. For each pair of Objectives (O1-O4 in the table at the bottom of the sheet), circle or tell your recorder, which is more important. You may refer to the list objectives above the table. Then, circle the relative importance of one objective over the other on the scale provided or give the amount of candy shown to your recorder. (click through candies…1 for equal, etc.) After comparing the objectives, we’ll do the same thing with each CAPS option. Now I will give you an example and walk through both steps. Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

1. For the goal or objective presented, circle which option you feel is best for meeting the goal or objective. Which CAPS are more important to meeting the goal of increased Profit? For example… We will present either the goal (improved income) or an objective in the gray box at the top of your sheet. In the table on the bottom half of the sheet, you will either select the best objective or the best CAPS for meeting the goal or objective. For example, which CAPS treatment do you think is best for meeting the goal of improving Profit? If you feel FP is best, you would circle it or tell your recorder. Please don’t circle anything yet. FP OR CAPS 2

2. Using the scale, circle how much more important the best option is compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   Next, (read slide). Please don’t eat the candy! We will exchange your candy with candy you can eat after we are finished. We will compare each objective first, on Page 1, then compare the CAPS options on the following pages. We will walk through every step together so please don’t work ahead! Any questions before we begin?

IV. Survey Part 1: Goal and Objectives

Goal: Improved Income Page 1 Please see page one of your survey answer sheets.

O2: Increased Labor Saving Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? O1: Increased Profit OR O2: Increased Labor Saving Tell your recorder which option you feel is best for meeting that goal or objective of “IMPROVED INCOME.”

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? 01: Increased Profit OR 03: Increased Yield

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

04: Improved Soil Quality Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? 01: Increased Profit OR 04: Improved Soil Quality

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

02: Increased Labor Saving Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? 02: Increased Labor Saving OR 03: Increased Yield

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

02: Increased Labor Saving 04: Improved Soil Quality Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? 02: Increased Labor Saving OR 04: Improved Soil Quality

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

04: Improved Soil Quality Which objective is more important to meeting the goal of Improved Income? 03: Increased Yield OR 04: Improved Soil Quality

How much more important is the objective you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme  

Survey Part 2: CAPS Strategies

Objective: Profit Page 2

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Profit? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Millet-Cowpea Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Profit? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Millet-Cowpea Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Profit? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Profit? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Profit? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the goal of increased Profit? (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Objective: Labor Saving Page 3

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Tillage / Cowpea) (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? CAPS 1 (Full Tillage / Cowpea) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Labor Saving? (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Objective: Yield Page 4

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? FP (Full Till / Millage) OR CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Tillage / Cowpea) (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? CAPS 1 (Full Tillage / Cowpea) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of increased Yield? (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Objective: Soil Quality Page 5

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? FP (Full Till / Millet) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 2 (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

(Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? CAPS 1 (Full Till / Cowpea) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Which CAPS is preferred to meeting the objective of improved Soil Quality? (Full Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop) OR CAPS 3 (Strip Till / Cowpea-Millet Intercrop)

How much more important is the CAPS you chose compared to the other? Equal Moderate Strong Very Strong Extreme   1 2 3 4 5

Thank you for your participation Thank you for your participation! Results will be available after the break…