Mechanical Load on the Upper Extremity During Wheelchair Activities

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Mechanical Load on the Upper Extremity During Wheelchair Activities Stefan van Drongelen, MSc, Lucas H. van der Woude, PhD, Thomas W. Janssen, PhD, Edmond L. Angenot, MD, Edward K. Chadwick, PhD, DirkJan H. Veeger, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 86, Issue 6, Pages 1214-1220 (June 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.023 Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Able-bodied subject in instrumented wheelchair during level wheelchair propulsion. Legend: 1, data logger; 2, instrumented wheel; 3, technical marker; 4, electromyographic electrodes (electromyography not used in our study). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1214-1220DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.023) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Typical example of the net shoulder moment (paraplegia subject) during wheelchair propulsion. Mean over 5 pushes and standard deviation (SD), time normalized to a full cycle (100%). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1214-1220DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.023) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Typical example of the net shoulder moment and moment components for an able-bodied subject during a weight-relief lift. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1214-1220DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.023) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Net shoulder moments (mean, SD) during the reaching tasks for able-bodied subjects (AB) and subjects with paraplegia (PP) and tetraplegia (TP) for 3 different mass conditions. Reaching height was 0.5m. *Significantly different (P<.001). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1214-1220DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.023) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions