World War I 1914-1918

Knowledge Connections Vocabulary  Arms Race Alliance Term Definition Knowledge Connections Picture

What were the long and short term causes of World War I? Essential Question What were the long and short term causes of World War I?

What was World War I? A global conflict that lasted from 1914 – 1918 Also known as “The Great War” and the “War to End All Wars”

What was unique about it? More nations involved More advanced weapons More deaths than any other war before in history

World War I changed history What changes did it bring? Empires fell New nations created New world powers World War I changed history

Long Term Causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

What forces were leading to war? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Fascination with war and the power of the military How did MILITARISM lead to war? Fascination with war and the power of the military Nations built up armies and navies that could be ready for war on short notice

Agreements between nations to help each other in case of war How did ALLIANCES lead to war? Agreements between nations to help each other in case of war Suspicious of each other, nations began forming defensive alliances in case of war

How did IMPERIALISM lead to war? Racing to build colonies and get raw materials Nations were all competing for trade, markets, and colonies

Who fought? CENTRAL POWERS- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire ALLIED POWERS- France, Britain, Russia, Italy, 21 other nations

Extreme love of country, especially among new world powers How did NATIONALISM lead to war? Extreme love of country, especially among new world powers Rivalries grew among nations and citizens were willing to fight against their enemies

…such as Austria-Hungary Was it NATIONALISM again? - Pride in one’s nation Many ethnic groups lived in larger nations… …such as Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary had: -- Serbs -- Bosnians -- Croats and -- Slovenes …and that is in addition to Austrians and Hungarians

These ethnic groups each wanted their own nation How does this lead to war? These ethnic groups each wanted their own nation Since Austria-Hungary would lose some of its territory – it opposed the idea Due to all of the tensions in this region, the Balkans were nicknamed the “Powder keg of Europe”

What is the Balkans?

How did it start? One event in 1914 is considered the “spark” that ignited the war…. but… Many forces had been pushing Europe toward war for many years

FRANZ FERDINAND Archduke of Austria-Hungary What happened? JUNE 28, 1914 The Archduke and his wife visit Sarajevo, Bosnia Bosnia was part of Austria-Hungary Both the Archduke and his wife are killed FRANZ FERDINAND Archduke of Austria-Hungary

Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his family

Gavrilo Princip, who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand The Spark At Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914, the Archduke Franz (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) Ferdinand and his wife, the Duchess Sophia, a Serbian nationalist assassin murdered the archduke, plunging Europe into war. Gavrilo Princip, who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand

GAVRILO PRINCIP Member of the Black Hand Who did it? Young Serbian nationalist Member of the Black Hand Wanted to help Bosnia win its independence GAVRILO PRINCIP Member of the Black Hand

How does this lead to a war? Austria declares war on Serbia Serbia’s ally Russia plans to help Serbia Germany joins in to help Austria France joins to help Russia Germany invades Belgium Britain declares war on Germany And this is just by the end of the summer of 1914!

The Alliance System EXPLODES Europe Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries proclaimed their neutrality, as did Woodrow Wilson for the United States.

Major Nations Involved in World War I Who gets involved? Major Nations Involved in World War I Allied Powers Russia (until 1917) France Great Britain Italy (1915) United States (1917) Central Powers Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire

Take a look…. Somehow the war involved all SIX major continents Why it is a world war? Take a look…. Somehow the war involved all SIX major continents

What were the long and short term causes of World War I? Essential Question What were the long and short term causes of World War I?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated