Therapeutic Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Loek P. Smits, Kristien E.C. Bouter, Willem M. de Vos, Thomas J. Borody, Max Nieuwdorp  Gastroenterology  Volume 145, Issue 5, Pages 946-953 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.058 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Disorders associated with alterations to the intestinal microbiota that could be treated by FMT. Green indicates disorders for which FMT has shown efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCT), blue indicates disorders for which FMT has shown efficacy in case series studies, and black indicates disorders that have been associated with disruption of the intestinal microbiota. Gastroenterology 2013 145, 946-953DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.058) Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Mechanisms by which alterations to the intestinal microbiota can contribute to disease. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is determined by genetic factors, diet, and medications (such as antibiotics) (left side). When these change, so can the intestinal microbiota (right side). Changes in the microbiota might induce production of specific autoantibodies (produced via molecular mimicry and can lead to autoimmune disorders) or allow expansion of pathogenic species such as C difficile. An altered intestinal microbiota could also change production of compounds such as SCFA. This affects lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammation. SCFAs can also increase intestinal permeability, which leads to endotoxemia. Gastroenterology 2013 145, 946-953DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.058) Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions