Questions to Consider FDR & THE NEW DEAL (1) Which important qualities of leadership did FDR possess? What was FDR’s approach to fighting the Depression? Liberal or conservative? Analyze. Whose problems were addressed? The most? The least? Who were the critics of the New Deal? Were their concerns justified? What effects did the New Deal have on the U.S.? Short term? Long term?

FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT The Man With the Master Plan? Childhood/Education Big Bucks, The Pony, Dresses, Oh Mom!, Tutors, 7th String, “C”, The Crimson, Law Marriage My Cousin, OK?, I Love Lucy, Six-Pack Early Political Career “Progressing” from NY to the Sea to NY Disability Campobello Island and Polio Personality Charming, Persuasive, Caring, Witty, Optimistic

ELECTION OF 1932 Play Safe With Hoover 40 % 59 Time For a Change! Play Safe With Hoover “Vote for Roosevelt and make it unanimous.” Unknown (1932) 40 % POPULARVOTES 59 ELECTORAL VOTES Hoover (R) Happy Days Are Here Again “I pledge… a new deal for the American people.” FDR (1932) 57 % POPULARVOTES 472 ELECTORAL VOTES Roosevelt (D)

Formulating a Plan OR Ideas Galore? THE BRAIN TRUST Formulating a Plan OR Ideas Galore? The Eyes The Cabinet Intellectuals Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR vs. Historical Analysis THE NEW DEAL FDR vs. Historical Analysis Experimentation FDR encouraged “…persistent, bold experimentation.” Contradiction EXAMPLE: Balanced Budget vs. Deficit Spending General Philosophy Expand the role of the federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past which had led to the current depression. Relief, Recovery, and Reform Categories developed by historians. It is common sense to take a method and try it; if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something” - FDR (1932)

RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM The Car Accident Analogy (Heiser)

FDR’s 1ST INAUGURAL ADDRESS March 4, 1933 “…First of all, let me assert my firm belief that THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF – nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” “Our greatest primary task is to put people to work” Identifies the problems and solutions (vague) for unemployment, low crop prices, foreclosures, speculation, bank failures, world trade (2nd), government costs, etc. “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and prosper.” 100,000+

Emergency Banking Relief Act THE HUNDRED DAYS March 9 to June 16, 1933 ALPHABET SOUP Emergency Banking Relief Act CCC AAA FERA TVA FSA FDIC NRA PWA

BANKING Bank Holiday Emergency Banking Act (1933) Restoring Confidence Bank Holiday Closed for 4 Days! Emergency Banking Act (1933) (also known as Glass-Steagall Banking Act) Treasury License, Increased Regulation Separates deposit vs. investment banking Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured deposits up to $5,000 Fireside Chats To build trust

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS Unemployment Relief 500,000 in 1935 3 million from 1933-1942

FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT To the States and Cities $500 million Harry Hopkins Administrator

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Addressing an Impoverished Region

AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT Seeking Parity in Prices Production Cuts Result In Subsidies Paid by Government UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION Industrial Cooperation CODES Fair Competition Production Limits Wages Working Conditions UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION More Unemployment Relief $3.3 billion

Avoiding Another Crash THE STOCK MARKET Avoiding Another Crash Federal Securities Act Honest Reporting of Stock Information Curbing Stock Bought on Credit Limiting “Buying on Margin” Securities and Exchange Commission (1934)* To oversee the Stock Market

A Second Hundred Days (1935) 2nd NEW DEAL A Second Hundred Days (1935) NLRA (Wagner Act) WPA Aid for Farmers Social Security

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Work NOT Handouts 8 million jobs for almost everyone! Public Works (roads, bridges, schools, hospitals) Federal Writers Project Federal Theatre Project Federal Arts Project $11 billion into the economy

Small Farmers, Sharecroppers, Migrants HELP FOR FARMERS Small Farmers, Sharecroppers, Migrants Resettlement Administration Loans to buy their own farms Rural Electrification Administration Loans to utility companies 40% electrified by 1941

Government Support of Labor RIGHTS FOR LABOR Government Support of Labor National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Collective-Bargaining Closed Shops OK! No Spying or Blacklisting National Labor Relations Board Fair Labor Standards Act No Child Labor Minimum Wage ($0.40/hour) 40-Hour Week

Federal Responsibility for Social Welfare SOCIAL SECURITY Federal Responsibility for Social Welfare Social Security Act (1935) Old-Age Pensions for Workers Unemployment Insurance Aid for Single Mothers and the Disabled