Aim: Identify schools of political thought in connection to European Nationalism

Clash of Philosophies As revolutions shook the colonies, Europe was undergoing changes Revolutions in Europe erupted between 1815-1848 Three schools of political thought struggled for supremacy in European society Believed that its style of government would best serve the people 1) Conservative Wealthy & nobility argued for protection of monarchies 2) Liberal Middle class wanted to give power to parliament 3) Radical favored drastic change to extend democracy 2

Nationalism Develops New movement called nationalism emerged Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire Loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history When a nation had its own independent government, it became a nation-state Nation-State defends the nation’s territory & way of life 1815 Europe, France, England, & Spain could be called nation-states Most of the people who believed in nationalism were either liberals or radicals Liberal middle class (teachers, lawyers & businesspeople) led struggle for constitutional government 3

Positive & Negative Results of Nationalism Positive Results: People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good The overthrow of colonial rule Democratic governments in nations throughout the world Competition among nations spurring scientific & technological advances Negative Results: Forced assimilation of minority cultures into a nation’s majority culture Ethnic cleansing, such as in Bosnia & Herzegovina in the 1990’s The rise of extreme nationalistic movements such as Nazism Competition between nation’s leading to warfare 4