Quadriceps Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Kentaro Kamiya, PT, PhD, Takashi Masuda, MD, PhD, Shinya Tanaka, PT, MSc, Nobuaki.

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Quadriceps Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Kentaro Kamiya, PT, PhD, Takashi Masuda, MD, PhD, Shinya Tanaka, PT, MSc, Nobuaki Hamazaki, PT, MSc, Yuya Matsue, MD, PhD, Alessandro Mezzani, MD, FESC, Ryota Matsuzawa, PT, PhD, Kohei Nozaki, PT, MSc, Emi Maekawa, MD, PhD, Chiharu Noda, MD, PhD, Minako Yamaoka-Tojo, MD, PhD, Yasuo Arai, HIM, MSc, Atsuhiko Matsunaga, PT, PhD, Tohru Izumi, MD, PhD, Junya Ako, MD, PhD The American Journal of Medicine Volume 128, Issue 11, Pages 1212-1219 (November 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) death according to quartiles (Q) of maximal quadriceps isometric strength. The cut-off values defining the quadriceps isometric strength quartiles were ≤35.0% body weight (BW), 35.1%-44.8% BW, 44.9%-55.9% BW, and ≥56.0% BW for Q1 to Q4, respectively. The American Journal of Medicine 2015 128, 1212-1219DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 All-cause and cardiovascular death risk across maximal quadriceps isometric strength quartiles (Q). ∗Adjusted for age, body mass index, previous heart failure, and previous stroke and/or transient ischemic attack for all-cause death, and age, body mass index, coronary artery bypass grafting, previous heart failure, previous stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, end-stage renal disease, and coronary artery multivessel disease for cardiovascular (CV) death. % BW = percentage of body weight; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; QIS = quadriceps isometric strength. The American Journal of Medicine 2015 128, 1212-1219DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Forest plot of hazard ratio for association of quadriceps isometric strength with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. ∗Adjusted for age, body mass index, previous heart failure, and previous stroke and/or transient ischemic attack for all-cause death, and age, body mass index, coronary artery bypass grafting, previous heart failure, previous stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, end-stage renal disease, and coronary artery multivessel disease for CV death. BMI = body mass index; % BW = percentage of body weight; HR = hazard ratio; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; QIS = quadriceps isometric strength. The American Journal of Medicine 2015 128, 1212-1219DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions