Objective: To analyze the causes of World War I. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKUdxkaDoNo

M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

MANIA Causes of World War I Militarism Massive military buildup in European countries, late 1800s and early 1900s Wanted to protect overseas colonies from other nations Growing power of armed forces left all sides ready to act at first sign of trouble Minor disagreements had potential to turn to armed conflict

Causes of WWI - Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany Austria-Hungary France Russia Italy

Causes of WWI - Imperialism Late 1800s and early 1900s saw quest to build empires Created rivalry, ill will among European nations Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain vied to become great imperial nations Each did not want others to gain power

Causes of WWI – nationalism Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture, increased in late 1800s Led to formation of new countries, struggles for power Most visible in Balkan Peninsula, southeastern Europe Home to many ethnic groups trying to break free from Ottoman Empire

Causes of WWI - Nationalism

Causes of WWI - Nationalism Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria * Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany * Liechtenstein * Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland * United Kingdom * = German speaking country

Causes of WWI - Nationalism Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

Causes of WWI - Imperialism

Causes of WWI - Imperialism

The Spark

Causes of WWI - Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

Causes of WWI - Assassination

Causes of WWI - Assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

Causes of WWI - Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Sparks of World War I The Black Hand plotted to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand most of Europe plunged into war within five weeks.

ArchDuke Francis Ferdinand Austrian reaction to the assassination was swift, as the Sarajevo crisis was seen as the Empire's last chance to assert its supremacy in the Balkans. Austrian foreign minister Count Leopold von Berchtold was determined to make use of the assassinations to crush once and for all the Serbian nationalist movement. Berchtold sent an envoy to Berlin, who was assured by Emperor William II on July 5th that Germany would fully support any action which the Dual Monarchy might take against Serbia. On July 6th, German chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg issued the blank check of unconditional German support. As Francis Ferdinand and his party proceeded through Sarajevo, the first of the Black Hand operatives tossed a bomb at the Archduke's automobile. The chauffeur saw the explosive and accelerated to avoid the impact. Sophie ducked, and Francis Ferdinand deflected the bomb with his arm, causing it to bounce off the back of the car and explode behind them, demolishing the next car and seriously injuring several aides. To avoid capture and interrogation, the unsuccessful assassin, nineteen-year-old Nedjelko Cabrinovic, swallowed a cyanide pill and jumped into the river. However, he was hauled out of the river and detained. As the Archduke's entourage resumed its tour of Sarajevo, the Archduke's chauffeur took a wrong turn and drove within ten feet of another Black Hand agent, Gavrilo Princip. Princip stepped up to the car and fired two pistol shots. One bullet hit Sophie, killing her instantly. The other hit Francis Ferdinand, who died within minutes. Like Carbinovic, Princip attempted suicide, but was captured before succeeding. ArchDuke Francis Ferdinand On the morning of June 28, 1914, while traveling in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. The Archduke was chosen as a target because Serbians feared that after his ascension to the throne, he would continue and even heighten the persecution of Serbs living within the Austro-Hungarian empire. The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand, had trained a small group of teenage operatives to infiltrate Bosnia and carry out the assassination of the Archduke. On July 23, 1914, Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with a lengthy list of demands, with a 48 hour period in which to comply. These demands included abolishing all Pan-Serb propaganda, expelling from office any persons thought to have nationalist sympathies, taking legal action against certain officials designated by Austria-Hungary, and allowing agents of the Dual Monarchy to control all investigations and proceedings concerning the Sarajevo murders. Minutes before the July 25th deadline, Serbia issued a conciliatory reply to Berchtold's demands, stating that Serbia wished the dispute to be submitted to the International Tribunal at the Hague. This conciliation was rejected. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. World War I had begun.

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia Italy

Fighting in 1914 Germany’s Schlieffen Plan Early battles Germany wanted to quickly defeat France, move east to fight Russia Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany doomed its plan The Great War became bloody stalemate Early battles Battle of the Frontiers August 1914German troops against French and British Both sides suffered heavy losses Germany victorious Russia enters fighting Russia attacked German territory from the east Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg August-September 1914 Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders

Fighting in 1914 Trench warfare begins Allied troops drove Germans back, Battle of the Marne, September 1914 Retreating Germans dug series of trenches along Aisne River Waited in trenches for Allied attack Trenches elaborately constructed, cleverly concealed Allies dug trenches of their own Major battles for months with little change in positions Deadlocked region became known as Western Front