INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY pp. 907-910

Physiology vs. Anatomy ANATOMY: study of the structure of the human body PHYSIOLOGY: study of the functions of the human body

Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

TISSUES Group of cells working together

TYPES of TISSUES 1. MUSCLE: contract in coordination upon stimulation Skeletal- voluntary movement cardiac and smooth- involuntary movement

TYPES of TISSUES 2. NERVOUS: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons) Never grows back once damaged Long extensions allows for fast communication

TYPES of TISSUES 3. EPITHELIAL: cover inner and outer surfaces of bodies, cavities, and canals

BODY TISSUES 4. CONNECTIVE cells surrounded by extra-cellular, non- living tissue bone, cartilage, tendons, blood

ORGANS tissues working together

ORGAN SYSTEMS Two or more organs working together for a specific function

ORGAN SYSTEMS Muscular: support and movement Skeletal: protection and support

Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals to all parts of the body. Respiratory: gas exchange

Immune: fights pathogens Integumentary (skin): protection

Nervous: regulation, conduction, and coordination Endocrine: controls body function via chemical messengers.

Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food Excretory: removal of liquid, gas, and solid wastes

Reproductive: production of sex cells (offspring)

BODY CAVITIES Organs housed and protected in cavities

BODY CAVITIES Organs housed and protected in cavities Cranial-brain Spinal-spine Thoracic-heart and respiratory organs (diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal) Abdominal-digestive system organs Pelvic-reproductive and excretory organs