Heating Name: ………………………………………. Year 8 Science My last test result My target:

Particle theory revision Particle theory is all about explaining the properties of solids, liquids and gases by looking at what the particles do. SOLIDS In a solid the particles ______ around a _____ position. There is a ______ force of attraction between each particle and they are very _____ together Words – strong, close, vibrate, fixed “Temperature” is simply a way of measuring how fast these particles are vibrating.

Words – fixed, collide, quickly, close, squashed, solids LIQUIDS GASES In a liquid the particles are _____ together but can move in any direction. They won’t keep a _____ shape like _____ do. In a gas the particles are very far apart and move _____ in all directions. They often ______ with each other and because they are far apart they can be easily _______.

Heat and Temperature Heat is a type of energy that will flow from a warm area to a colder one. For example… This cup of coffee will ____ ____ because it is _____ ____ heat energy into the surroundings. The hotter it is, the quicker this will happen. This drink (taken out of the fridge) will _____ ___ because it is _____ ___ heat energy from the surroundings. The colder it is, the quicker this will happen. Words – giving out, warm up, taking in, cool down

  thermometer gauze heatproof mat tripod beaker water

Temperature of 100 cm3 water (ºC) Temperature of 200 cm3 water (ºC) Time (mins) Temperature of 100 cm3 water (ºC) Temperature of 200 cm3 water (ºC)  0    2  4  6  8 10

Words – vibrations, electrons, solid, heated, better Conduction Conduction is all about when heat is transferred through a _________. The heat is passed on by ___________ in the molecules. These vibrations get BIGGER when the solid has more ENERGY (i.e. when it is being __________). Metals are _______ conductors than non-metals. This is because the heat is carried by free ________ that can carry the energy around the metal and give it to other electrons and ions. Words – vibrations, electrons, solid, heated, better

Time in minutes Temperature (ºC)   Material 1 Material 2 Material 3  0  2  4  6  8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Temperature change

In CONDUCTION the heat was passed on by VIBRATIONS in a SOLID Convection Convection is all about when a gas or liquid (“fluid”) moves and carries heat with it. When the fluid is heated it ____________. This means that it will become less __________ than the colder fluid around it. Because of this the warmer fluid will try to “_______” over the colder fluid, and this is why warm air rises. This is called a convection ___________. This is how heat reaches us from the ___________ in this room. In CONDUCTION the heat was passed on by VIBRATIONS in a SOLID In CONVECTION the heat is passed on by the FLUID expanding, rising and TAKING THE HEAT with it Words to use: expands, radiators, dense, heated, current, float

Radiation An introduction… I’m very hot! I’m cool!

Temperature in each container / 0C Radiation Practical Time / min Temperature in each container / 0C Black Silver Clear 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

You can draw your labelled diagrams on this page.

(Optional)

How it helps or prevents heat flow Conductor or insulator? Item What it is made of How it helps or prevents heat flow Conductor or insulator? kettle element (heater) steel Allows heat to flow to the water. conductor kettle handle plastic   pot pottery Stops heat flowing out of the food inside. base of the iron aluminium ironing board wood and cover padded fabric wok metal (steel or aluminium) stirrer wood table mats cork