Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 1 (30%) Question 1 (30% of this paper) Explain, in your own words, what we mean by dialect in this course. In your answer you should show the difference between dialect and language, and explain as many of the following points as you can: isoglosses, linguistic variables, geographical and social accents, dialect continua, fuzzy dialectal boundaries, prestige accents, standard and non-standard varieties.

Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 1 (30%) A gives 1 mark; B gives ½ mark; C gives zero Average 6.2, ranging from 3 to 9.5 Adjusted so that the lowest gave grade 5.5, the highest grade 9.5

Mid-term Paper 1009 Question 2 (30%) 1 mark for correct variable 1 mark for correctly stated no variables only first 50 words counted repetitions of same word ignored if zero

Rhoticity / R-Dropping “The r is not voiced in this word.” front, fury

H-Dropping for eyes he had two bright saphires he had already asked this querstion

H-Dropping sure of his opinion in his career they would have done it they had had a night of that he’s had a great oportunity H-dropping in ‘night’ ????

BATH-TRAP Split TRAP-BATH-PALM Only BATH words show the split. TRAP: at, that, back, attack, gas, cash, sand, actually, fat PALM: father, calm, Shah BATH: pass, path, dance, disaster, fast

How do I find out whether a word is in the BATH set or not? father black blæk attract mask pant grant

brother allotment company butter contact How do I find out whether a word is in the STRUT set or not? brother allotment company butter contact

Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%) For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course. Rhoticity / R-Dropping H-Dropping FOOT-STRUT Split

Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%) For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course. NG-Coalescence Long Mid Diphthonging (FACE Diphthonging)

Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%) For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course. Rhoticity or R-Dropping

Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3b (30%) Do isoglosses follow county boundaries?

Scotland Northeast North West Central East Central Wales Southeast Western SW Eastern SW

Scotland N. Ireland (Ulster) Northeast S. Ireland (Eire) North West Central East Central Wales Southeast Western SW Eastern SW

R-Dropping +r -r +r

R-Dropping +r +r -r +r

-r -r -r

R-Dropping +r -r +r

H-Dropping +h -h

FOOT-STRUT Split

NG Coalescence

FACE Diphthonging

FACE Diphthonging

- + 1 Scotland 3/2 2 The Northeast 3 The North 2/3 4 Wales 1/4 R-Dropp H-Drop FOOT-STRUT Split NG-Co-alescence FACE- Diph-th. old vs new 1 Scotland - + 3/2 2 The Northeast 3 The North 2/3 4 Wales 1/4 5 West Central 6 East Central 7 Western SW 8 Eastern SW 9 The Southeast 0/5

Scotland Northeast North West Central East Central Wales Southeast Western SW Eastern SW

Scotland N. Ireland (Ulster) Northeast S. Ireland (Eire) North West Central East Central Wales Southeast Western SW Eastern SW

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