Effects of Stimulating Hip and Trunk Muscles on Seated Stability, Posture, and Reach After Spinal Cord Injury Ronald J. Triolo, PhD, Stephanie Nogan.

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This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Murphy JO, Audu ML, Lombardo LM, Foglyano KM, Triolo RJ. Feasibility of closed-loop.

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Effects of Stimulating Hip and Trunk Muscles on Seated Stability, Posture, and Reach After Spinal Cord Injury Ronald J. Triolo, PhD, Stephanie Nogan Bailey, BSE, Michael E. Miller, MS, Lisa M. Lombardo, MPT, Musa L. Audu, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 94, Issue 9, Pages 1766-1775 (September 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023 Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Isometric trunk extension strength testing in neutral sitting (A), 15° (B), and 30° (C) of forward trunk flexion. Dynamometer trunk extension attachment was aligned with the anterior superior iliac spine to provide a generalized measure of hip/trunk extension strength. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Simulated rowing test of active trunk stability during dynamic voluntary upper extremity loads. The rotary-to-linear motion dynamometer attachment was positioned chest high and arm's length from the subject, who was instructed to pull it toward him at a maximal and steady effort. Isokinetic motion was constrained to be at a constant 6cm/s (30°/s). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Baseline volitional and change in trunk extension moment generated with stimulation during volitional movements for each subject and mean values (M) averaged across all subjects, at 3 flexion angles. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Average ± SD change in active force exerted with stimulation over baseline volitional output for each subject and overall mean value (M), during simulated rowing maneuvers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Static sitting posture without (A) and with (B) activation of the hip and trunk extensor musculature. Reflective markers placed on bony prominences quantified skeletal alignment and effects of stimulation on pelvic tilt, trunk lean, and shoulder height. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Average ± SD change in quiet, unsupported sitting posture with stimulation of the trunk and hip extensors in terms of pelvic tilt (A) and trunk lean (B) for each subject and overall mean value (M). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Effects of trunk and hip stimulation on unsupported bimanual reach. Maximal forward reach to low (bottom) and high (top) targets without stimulation (left) and with stimulation (right). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013 94, 1766-1775DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.02.023) Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions