Warm up Objective: To evaluate the successes and failures of the New Deal. Journal: Using the quote from FDR, explain the following: What were some of the arguments made in opposition of the New Deal? What were some of the arguments made in support of the New Deal? Why did voters like FDR? Think of specific programs. "Everybody is against me except the voter."

Review: The Impact of the New Deal New Deal promised relief, recovery, and reform. Relief programs put money into the pockets of the poor. New Deal was less successful in delivering economic recovery. New Deal reforms were successful and long-lasting. New Deal changed the link between the American people and their government. New Deal required a much bigger government. Americans now began to look regularly to government for help.

Impact of the New Deal Relief Millions of Americans enjoyed a form of help. Social Security and unemployment insurance became a fixture of govt. Recovery Unemployment remained high. Critics argued that Roosevelt needed support of big business. Others felt that the New Deal didn’t spend enough money. Reform Successful, long-lasting FDIC- confidence in the nation’s banks. SEC-confidence in stock markets. Thousands of roadways, bridges, dams, public buildings, works of art created

Impact on Women Appointed more women to govt. positions than any prior President. Female ambassadors, appeals court judges, director of the mint. Women still faced discrimination in New Deal programs

African Americans Good Bad More blacks appointed to govt. positions than any previous President. Work, relief provided for many AAs. AA community switched their allegiance during this time from the Republican Party to the Democrats. Failed to take a stand on Civil Rights. Roosevelt needed the support of southern Democrats; backed away from these issues Discrimination, segregation common in programs

Native Americans Native Americans were the poorest people in the country. Many New Deal programs provided jobs and relief. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (Reverses Dawes Act). Prevents US from selling reservation land, gives NAs rights to form their own governments on reservations.

Limits of the New Deal Relief programs gave aid to millions of people, but they were not meant to be a permanent solution to joblessness. The level of government assistance varied by state. -Example: a family needing assistance in Massachusetts might receive $60 per month, while a family in Arkansas might get $8. New Deal programs permitted discrimination against African Americans, Hispanic Americans, women, others.

The End of the New Deal The Republicans made gains in the both houses. Setbacks gave power to anti-New Deal senators. Opposition in Congress made passing New Deal legislation more difficult. Weakening Support The Republicans made gains in the both houses. Roosevelt lacked the congressional support he needed to pass New Deal laws. 1938 Elections The New Deal ended in 1938. Americans turned their attention to the start of WWII. After the New Deal

Lasting New Deal Achievements Public Works and Federal Agencies Bridges, dams, and public buildings still stand TVA, FDIC, SEC are still around today Social Security WWII that would ultimately bring lasting economic recovery to the U.S.

Review: Summary New Deal offered new opportunities for Women, African-Americans. New Deal, FDR did NOT make progress in areas of discrimination, bias New Deal faced more opposition in later years due to slow progress/conservative voting New Deal very influential in image of government as caretaker for the people, provided many new programs still in use.

Women Names of Appointees to important government positions: Gains women made under the New Deal: Women appointed to important federal positions Slight increase in the number of women working outside the home Names of Appointees to important government positions: Francis Perkins: Secretary of labor, 1st woman appointed to a presidential cabinet position Problems of Women not solved by the New Deal: Workplace discrimination; discriminatory wages; discriminatory hiring practices

African Americans Names of Appointees to important government positions: Mary McLeod Bethune: Head of the Office of Minority Affairs of the (NYA) National Youth Administration. William H. Hastie and Robert C. Weaver Gains African Americans made under the New Deal: Increased political voice through greater access to the president Organizations created for tenant farmers Problems of African Americans not solved by the New Deal: Segregation; racial violence, discrimination in all areas of life; poll taxes

Labor Unions Names of unions organized during the New Deal: Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO): A labor union for unskilled workers Gains unions made under the New Deal: Better working conditions; increased bargaining power Dramatic increase in union membership Problems of unions not solved by the New Deal: Strike violence Big Business opposition to labor unions

Other Coalition Groups Reasons they supported the Democratic Party: New Deal labor laws and work-relief programs aided many of them FDR made direct and persuasive appeals to them FDR appointed many officials of urban- immigrant backgrounds Southern Whites Various urban groups Immigrants Various religious groups and ethnic groups