North vs. South The Civil War

North vs. South There were more Small towns and farms - Rural way of life There were larger cities and towns - Urban way of life People live of farms People work in factories More people work on farms Experiencing Sectionalism Did not like lowering tariffs on goods imported from other counties Happy about lowering tariffs on goods imported from other countries Slavery was mostly outlawed Slavery was allowed

Slavery…why have it? The South’s Point of View The North’s Point of View Slaves grew lots of crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice. Slavery was profitable to the economy. The goods an enslaved person produced brought in twice as much money as the cost of owning the slave. Slaves were better off than factory workers. (bad conditions; long hours, little pay) Abolitionists believed it was wrong for one human to own another. Many slaves were mistreated. Slaves did not have the same rights as a free white man.

The Life of a Slave No choices No control over who bought them Beaten or abused Families were broken apart No control over their life Slave Codes – laws to control the behavior of slaves

Resisting Slavery Refuse to obey or work Work slowly or pretend to be sick Broke tools that were needed Learn to read or write

Slave Rebellions Nat Turner Amistad Underground Railroad Nat Turner – Led a rebellion in Virginia were more than 100 African Americans died. Turner was later captured and hanged.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 Explain free state vs. slave state. Also explain states’ rights (the idea that states have the right to make decisions about issues that concern them) Henry Clay, AKA “The Great Compromiser” came up with the Missouri Compromise.

“I’ll give you California if you pass the Fugitive Slave Law” The Compromise of 1850 “I’ll give you California if you pass the Fugitive Slave Law” Fugitive Slave Law – law that said escaped slaves had to be returned to their owners, even if they had reached Northern states where slavery was not allowed.

Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” Nebraska and Kansas were located north of the Missouri Compromise line. To be fair, they allowed the people living in each territory to vote to be a slave state or a free state. People from other states rushed to settle in Kansas so that they could vote. Violence broke out!

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe A Divided Country “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry A Divided Country John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry Led attacks on pro-slavery people in Kansas, and was making plans to attack slave owners in Virginia. To carry out his plan, he needed to steal weapons from Harpers Ferry, a place where weapons were stored. Federal and state soldiers stopped the raid, and Brown was taken prisoner. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. This showed that the slavery issue was only growing.

“We must not be enemies” -Lincoln A New President “We must not be enemies” -Lincoln

And so it begins… South Carolina was the first state to secede. Jefferson Davis is the president of the Confederacy.

The First Battle of The Civil War The Battle of Fort Sumter Confederacy victory As a result, Lincoln calls for troops to take down the Confederacy. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede. Jefferson Davis asked the commanding officer of Fort Sumter to surrender in one hour or the Confederacy would attack.

Fort Sumter

Advantages and Disadvantages The North The North produced more than 90% of the country’s weapons, cloth, shoes, and iron. They had far more railroads, canals, and roads. They had more $$$ The South They believed that their more rural way of life would better prepare soldiers. They had a history of producing military leaders

War Strategies The North Three Step Plan by Winfield Scott 1. blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 2. Capture territory along the Mississippi River. 3. Anaconda Plan - Attack the Confederacy from the east and west squeezing them like a snake.

War Strategies The South They believed they only had to defend their territory until the Northerners got tired and gave up. They believed Britain would assist them in the war because they depended on their cotton.

Early battles of the civil war The First Battle of Bull Run At first the Union was winning. Confederate soldiers began to turn back. Their General told them to hold their place like a stone wall. He became known as Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. The Confederacy won this battle.

Bull Run Fort Sumter

Early battles of the civil war The Battle of Antietam General Robert E. Lee lead the Confederacy Lee was asked to join the Union army, but refused. This was an important victory for the Union. After losing this battle, Great Britain stopped supporting the Confederacy.

Antietam Bull Run Fort Sumter

Life during the war Soldiers Women Physically hard day-to-day life Little supplies Drafts African Americans First allowed to join the Union army in 1962 Emancipation Proclamation - 1963 Women Ran farms and businesses Became teachers and office workers Became involved in the war – spies, nurses, gathered supplies

The Battle of gettysburg Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union victory Turned the tide of the war in favor of the Union. Lincoln’s speech “The Gettysburg Address” inspired the Union to keep fighting

Gettysburg Antietam Bull Run Fort Sumter

The tides turn The Battle of Vicksburg Union was lead by Ulysses S. Grant. This battle cut the Confederacy in two using a blockade and taking control over the Mississippi River.

Gettysburg Antietam Bull Run Fort Sumter Vicksburg

Sherman’s march to sea Total War – to destroy not just the opposing army but the people’s will to fight. Marched 300 miles toward Savannah, Georgia. 60 mile-wide path of destruction.

Gettysburg Antietam Bull Run Fort Sumter Sherman’s March Vicksburg

The Confederacy surrenders Where: Appomattox Court House, Virginia When: April 9, 1865 “The war is over; the rebels are our countrymen again.” -Ulysses S. Grant