Microbiota of the seminal fluid from healthy and infertile men Dongsheng Hou, M.D., Ph.D., Xia Zhou, M.D., Xue Zhong, Ph.D., Matthew L. Settles, Ph.D., Jessica Herring, B.S., Li Wang, Ph.D., Zaid Abdo, Ph.D., Larry J. Forney, Ph.D., Chen Xu, M.D., Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 100, Issue 5, Pages 1261-1269.e3 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991 Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Hierarchic clustering of semen microbial communities in normal and infertile men and a heat map showing the proportions of various bacterial genera in each community. The sperm quality of each sample is indicated by the color-coded bar immediately below the dendrogram. Analysis of similarities in community composition and structure resulted in six clusters as indicated in the color bar below the heat map. Fertility and Sterility 2013 100, 1261-1269.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Gram-stained semen samples from: semen donors (A) NS8 and (B) NS11; (C) subject LM6 with asthenozoospermia; (D) subject OZ3 with oligoasthenozoospermia; (E) subject OZ13 with severe oligoasthenozoospermia; and (F) subject AS8 with azoospermia. The black arrows point to sperm and red arrows to bacteria. Fertility and Sterility 2013 100, 1261-1269.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Supplemental Figure 1 Characteristics of 77 semen samples from infertile patients and sperm donors evaluated on the basis of sperm quality (motility) and quantity of the 77 semen samples. Dashed lines specify the thresholds above which sperm concentration (≥20 million spermatozoa per mL semen) and motility (≥50%) are considered to be normal according to World Health Organization criteria. Note that the sperm motility was highly correlated with concentration (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.89). When the sperm concentration dropped below 20 million per mL semen, the motility was typically <50%. Fertility and Sterility 2013 100, 1261-1269.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Supplemental Figure 2 Gram-stained semen samples from semen donors (A) NS1, (B) NS4, (C) NS5, (D) NS6, and (E) NS9 and (F) subject LM9 with asthenozoospermia. The black arrows point to sperm and red arrows to bacteria. Fertility and Sterility 2013 100, 1261-1269.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Supplemental Figure 3 Gram-stained semen samples from subjects (A) LM3 and (B) LK8 with asthenozoospermia; and subjects (C) OZ1, (D) OZ6, (E) OZ8, and (F) OZ15 with oligoasthenospermia. The black arrows point to sperm and red arrows to bacteria. Fertility and Sterility 2013 100, 1261-1269.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1991) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions