Aim: How can we explain the laws that control the planets orbits?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How can we explain the laws that control the planets orbits?

Planet Orbits Are NOT circular They are elliptical (a flattened circle) The Sun at one ‘focus’ – not at the center The other focus is an empty point in space

Eccentricity how flattened an ellipse is Eccentricity = distance between foci (d) length of major axis (L)

Example d = 2 cm L = 6 cm e = d L = 2 = 0.33 6

Example d = 0 cm A circle is an ellipse with the 2 foci on top of each other (e = 0) L = 2 cm e = d L = 0 = 0 2

Example A line is an ellipse with d = L (e =1) e = d = 6 = 1 L 6 d = 6 cm A line is an ellipse with d = L (e =1) L = 6 cm e = d L = 6 = 1 6

Gravity The force of attraction holding planets, etc. in the solar system Depends on masses of objects distance between objects

Gravity and Position the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is related to its distance from the sun As distance increases, gravitational attraction decreases

Gravitational Attraction Distance

x Position X moving fastest Winter in N. Hemp. Position Y moving slowest Summer in N. Hemp. x Y

How fast do planets move around the sun? Planets travel the fastest when they are closest to the sun.

In the Winter: Earth moves fastest Gravitational attraction is the strongest In the Summer: Earth moves the slowest Gravitational attraction is the weakest