Effects of ACL interference screws on articular cartilage volume and thickness measurements with 1.5 T and 3 T MRI M.E. Bowers, B.S., G.A. Tung, M.D.,

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Effects of ACL interference screws on articular cartilage volume and thickness measurements with 1.5 T and 3 T MRI M.E. Bowers, B.S., G.A. Tung, M.D., N. Trinh, M.S., E. Leventhal, B.S., J.J. Crisco, Ph.D., B. Kimia, Ph.D., B.C. Fleming, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 572-578 (May 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative sagittal-plane images of a single cadaver specimen imaged using the T1-weighted WE-3D FLASH sequence (a) at 3T without interference screws, (b) at 3T with interference screws, (c) at 1.5T without interference screws, and (d) at 1.5T with interference screws. These slices capture the lateral femoral condyle, so only the femoral interference screw is visible. It can be seen that the distortion is relatively localized around the femoral screw, and did not affect the overall cartilage segmentations of the tibiofemoral joint. Image (b) shows an air artifact near the anterior portion of the meniscus. Segmentation was interpolated over air artifacts. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 572-578DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a) The “notch” is marked by crosshairs on the lateral side of the tibiofemoral joint, seen in the sagittal plane. (b) A cylinder was fit to the femoral condyles. (c) A line was drawn from the notch to the cylinder axis. The location of each ROI in the sagittal plane of the femur is shown. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 572-578DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The ROIs for the tibial compartments are shown. Axes with the same orientation as those from the medial compartment were centered about the centroid of the lateral compartment to establish the coordinate system in that ROI. The orthogonal was oriented out of the page. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 572-578DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The mean femoral cartilage thicknesses for both screw condition and magnetic field strengths (error bars represent 1 standard deviation). (a) On the medial femoral condyle, there were no significant differences in thickness between magnet strengths or screw conditions for any ROI. (b) On the lateral femoral condyle, the 70–100° ROI showed a strong trend for interaction between magnet strengths (P=0.053). No other ROI on the lateral femoral condyle showed any significant differences in thickness between magnet strengths or screw conditions. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 572-578DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Average medial and lateral tibial cartilage thicknesses for both screw conditions and magnetic field strengths (error bars represent 1 standard deviation). For the medial tibial ROI, there was no significant difference in thickness between magnet strengths (P=0.35), but there was a significant difference in thickness between screw conditions (P=0.03). For the lateral tibial ROI, however, there was a significant difference in thickness between magnet strengths (P=0.004), but not screw conditions (P=0.57). No significant interaction was found between screw condition and magnetic field strength for any tibial ROI (P>0.11). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 572-578DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.010) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions