Cellular Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction only one parent is involved. 100% of the genetic material from the one parent is passed on. Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually.

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Binary fission organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring usual type of reproduction in prokaryotes (bacteria)

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Budding formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism common in plants and fungi The picture to the right is yeast budding (like it’s growing out of the side of the yeast)

Hydra Budding Hydra is considered an animal and here it is budding. Notice the protrusion sticking out of the right side of the Hydra.

Sporogenesis (spores) when plants asexually produce small tiny spores on their outside leaves. growths will usually detach from the organism and grow on another medium such as the ground. Some Fungi also sometimes undergo this process.

Vegetative reproduction type of asexual reproduction for plants new plant "individuals" arise or are obtained without production of seeds or spores

Fragmentation fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual new individual is a clone of the original organism. Sea Stars, Fungi, and some Worms do this.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Only one parent is required. If you have good genes it is great because 100% of them are passed on. Very quick reproduction

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction no genetic variation (if there is a genetic mutation or disease they are very hard to combat) Parents look entirely like offspring. If humans did this we would all look the same. (not much fun)

The Importance of Genetic Variation. allows individuals within a given species to adapt to their environment we are different because of genetic variation we are able to adapt this is known as survival of the fittest or natural selection. make organisms different and if it occurs over a long enough period of time we can get new species

Sexual Reproduction requires two parents (sperm and egg) 50% of the genetic material is passed on from each parent fair amount of genetic variation because new genes are integrated (fertilized cell –zygote) Most multi-cellular organisms reproduce sexually

Advantages to Sexual Reproduction genetic variation Both parents are passing on 50% of their genetic material so it’s easier to get rid of genetic mutations and diseases. produces variation in the population species is more likely to survive if there are genetic differences in the population

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction to find a mate Only ½ your genes are passed on (this is bad if you had great genes they can be diluted) Slow process

Review: Compare and Contrast Mitosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used both in growth and asexual reproduction Meiosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used to make the sperm and eggs used in sexual reproduction