Radiofrequency energy delivery to the gastric cardia inhibits triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs Michael S. Kim, MD, Richard H. Holloway, MD, John Dent, MD, David S. Utley, MD Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 17-22 (January 2003) DOI: 10.1067/mge.2003.23 Copyright © 2003 Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Effect of radiofrequency energy treatment on transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). Each point represents the value for an individual dog. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2003 57, 17-22DOI: (10.1067/mge.2003.23) Copyright © 2003 Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Effect of radiofrequency energy treatment on rate of reflux episodes. Each point represents the value for an individual dog. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2003 57, 17-22DOI: (10.1067/mge.2003.23) Copyright © 2003 Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Effect of radiofrequency energy treatment on esophageal acid exposure. Each point represents the value for an individual dog. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2003 57, 17-22DOI: (10.1067/mge.2003.23) Copyright © 2003 Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 A, Photomicrograph of histological section through gastroesophageal junction before radiofrequency energy treatment (Trichrome stain, orig. mag. ×50). B, Photomicrograph of histologic section through gastroesophageal junction after radiofrequency treatment showing hypertrophy of muscularis propria and an increase in fibrosis (Trichrome stain, orig. mag. ×50). Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2003 57, 17-22DOI: (10.1067/mge.2003.23) Copyright © 2003 Terms and Conditions