The Scientific Method

Scientific Method A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data

Steps to the Scientific Method Note: These steps may vary depending on the nature of the problem.

Step 1: Observing & Collecting Data There are two types of data Qualitative – descriptive or non-numeric data Examples: color, relative size, shape Quantitative – numerical data Examples: length, weight, temperature

Qualitative or Quantitative? Golden retriever Weighs 75 pounds 6 years old Has a black nose Soft Friendly

Qualitative or Quantitative? Golden retriever Weighs 75 pounds 6 years old Has a black nose Soft Friendly

Step 2: Formulating Hypotheses Scientists examine their data to find relationships and patterns so they can make generalizations. Generalization – statements that apply to a range of information Hypothesis – a testable statement that is formulated from generalizations

Step 3: Testing Hypotheses Experiment – An activity where data is collected to test a hypothesis

Step 4: Theorizing When data shows that a hypothesis is supported, scientists try to explain what they are studying by constructing a model. Model – an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related; may be visual, verbal, or mathematical Theory – A broad generalization that explains a body of facts