DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

TYPES OF SPEECH STATEMENT INTEROGATIVE a) ‘Wh’ b) ‘yes’ or ‘no’ IMPERATIVE a) request b) command or order c) suggest or recommend d) advice or warning EXCLAMATORY

Changes in Tense forms Simple Present Simple Past Direct Speech Indirect Speech Simple Present Simple Past e.g., writes / write wrote Present Continuous Past Continuous e.g., is / are writing was/were writing Present Perfect Past perfect e.g., has/have written had written

Present Perfect Cont. Past Perfect Cont. e.g., has/have been writing had been writing Past Continuous Past Perfect Cont. e.g., was/were writing had been writing Will would Shall should Can could May might

Changes in Pronouns / adjectives DIRECT INDIRECT I - He / She My - his / her Myself - himself /herself We - they Us - them Ours - theirs Ourselves - themselves

Changing in forms Direct Indirect - Is/am was Me I Our their Are were Has / have had Now then Here there This / these that /those Ago before Today that day

Conversion Table Direct Indirect Statement Said to - told Conjunction - that Interrogative (‘wh’) Said to - asked Conjunction - question word

Direct Indirect Interrogative (Yes or No) Said to - asked Conjunction - If / whether Imperative Said to - differs accordingly Conjunction - to

STATEMENT TYPE E.g., Ravi said to his mother, “I go to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he went to theatre. Ravi said to his mother, “ I am going to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he was going to theatre

E. g. , Ravi said to his mother, “I went to theatre” E.g., Ravi said to his mother, “I went to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he had gone to theatre. Ravi said to his mother, “ I will go to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he would go to theatre.

STATEMENT Ram said to Ravi, “I am busy now”. Ram told Ravi that he was busy then. He said, “I have seen this person ago”. He said that he had seen that person before. I said, “These mangoes are sweet”. I said that those mangoes were sweet.

They said to me, “ They went to watch movie” They told me that they had gone to watch movie He said to her, “I was writing a letter”. He told her that he was writing a letter. She said to people, “I will help you”. She told them that she would help them/people She said to him, “ I am doing exercise daily”. She told him that she was doing exercise daily.

Example Change the dialogue into reported speech Interviewer : What were you doing earlier? Villager : I was cultivating the lands of a farmer in the village The interviewer asked the villager what he was doing earlier. The villager replied to him that he had been cultivating the lands of a farmer in the village.

Interrogative - Wh E.g., My Child said to me, “Where do you go?” My Child asked me where did I go Meena said to Reena, “Who do you want to meet?” Meena asked Reena who did she want to meet.

My friend said to me, “Where are you going?” My friend asked me where I was going My teacher said to me, “Where did you buy the pen?” My teacher asked me where I had bought the pen

People asked, “How long do you cheat us?” People asked him how long did he cheat them. The passanger said to the driver, when does you start the bus?” The Passanger asked the driver when did he start the bus. My Mom said to me, “ when will you come?” My Mom asked me when would I come.

“Where do you live”, asked the stranger. The stranger asked / enquired where I lived The policeman said to us, “where are you going? The policeman enquired where we were going. He said, “ who did call me yesterday”? He asked who had called him the last day.

Interrogative – Yes or No The hero said to him, “Can you beat me?” The hero asked him if he could beat him The Child said to its Mom, “Will you come tomorrow?” The Child asked its Mom if she would come the next day.

My Boss said to me, “Do you go home My Boss said to me, “Do you go home?” My Boss asked me if I did go home. My friend said to me, “Did you enjoy the trip?” My friend asked me if I had enjoyed the trip.

Imperative The Mother said to her child, “Don’t touch it”. The Mother warned her child not to touch that. The Sales man said to his customer, “Be careful when you touch the glass.” The Sales man instructed his customer to be careful when he touch the glass.

The Officer said to his colleague, “Give her job ” The Officer said to his colleague, “Give her job ”. The Officer recommended his colleague to give her job. The Child said to her mother, “Please, give me a chocolate.” The Child pleased her mother to give her a chocolate.

RESUME JOHN WESLEY B.E 146, Gandhi Street, Near Anna Park, Salem – 636 007 salem@gmail.com Mobile: 979797979 Objective : To fulfil the requirements of the company and eventually assume General Manager Educational Qualification 2010 – 2014 : B.E in ECE with 75% from Knowledge Institute of Technology 2014 – 2016 : M.Tech with 80% from IIT, Madras Additional Qualification 2008 – 2010 : PGDCA from Annamalai University 2009 – 2010 : I year Mgt. course from M.K.University

Experience : Worked as Field Engineer at Wind mill for I year Working as Manager at ABC Company Area of Interest : Differential calculation System Signal Academic Achievements Papers Presented : a) Teaching Vocabulary b) Learning through Media c) Status of Engineering Workshop Attended : a) Latex b) Building career

Academic Records : a) class topper b) University Rank Holder Managerial Skills : Since I had worked Field Engineer, I developed my managerial skill throughout my career Communication Skills : As I had done MoC for various functions in my college and took part in English Elocution, I developed my communication skill Leadership Skills : Since I was given the responsibility to monitor the class as representative, I acquired leadership skills. Project : Power supply through Magnet

Skills : Drawing, Playing Chess, Writing Short stories Skill Set : Writing Short Stories Languages Known : Tamil, English & Hindi Declaration I do declare that the above information are true to the best of my knowledge. Yours truly, John Wesley

REPORT What is report? a) feed back b) giving information Types of report a) Progress Report b) Survey Report c) Feasibility Report

Progress Report : A report on an action which takes place at present E.g., 2G Spectrum Survey Report : A report on an action which took place in the past E.g., Tsunami in 2006 Feasibility Report : A report on project / survey which will take place in Future E.g., Census in 2011