Chapter 9: Subsidence and Thermal History

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9: Subsidence and Thermal History This presentation contains illustrations from Allen and Allen (2005)

Geohistory Analysis Quantitative analysis that produces subsidence of various geological boundaries and rates of sediment accumulation through time. Coined by Van Hinte (1973). Backstripping involves additional incorporation of isostatic (local, flexural, 1-D, 2-Dor 3-D) effects of sediment unloading.

Subsidence History and Thermal History time present past Layer 3 Layer 2 “Tectonic” subsidence” Layer 1 depth basement

Backstripping (Watts and Ryan, 1976) Tectonic subsidence is what remains after the effects of sea-level and sediments are removed. …. It is the background subsidence caused by stretching and thermal cooling of the lithosphere.

Backstripping

Backstripping For original matlab program from Allen’s book: see the following link to a matlab program

Subsidence History and Thermal History time present past Layer 3 Layer 2 “Tectonic” subsidence” Layer 1 depth Thermal window

Subsidence in the forward sense Sea-level

Subsidence in the forward sense Sea-level

Subsidence in the forward sense Sea-level

Subsidence in the forward sense

Subsidence in the forward sense

Subsidence in the forward sense

Subsidence in the forward sense We need to know: Sea-level (assumed constant in the example) Original sediment thickness and hence water-depth (known at all times) Type of isostatic behavior does the crust exhibit when loaded (flexural, or local/Airy)

Subsidence in the reverse sense Sea-level (never constant in the past) Original sediment thickness ( we don’t know??) We DO know current sediment thickness Water-depths ( never constant)

Subsidence in the reverse sense

Subsidence in the reverse sense Porosity: The “new”decompacted thickness must conform to a pre-defined porosity-depth relation. This calculation is achieved by trial and error.

Subsidence in the reverse sense Paleo-water depth: From biostratigraphic assemblages Sea-level estimations: Long-term changes are accepted. Flexural Model: Various Te values can be used.

Flexural backstripping