The Muslim Empires.

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Presentation transcript:

The Muslim Empires

Rise of the Ottoman Empire Seljuk Turks give lands to another Turkish tribe, lead by Osman, for help against Mongols Seljuks decline, Osman Turks expand from NW Turkey Ottoman sultans expand lands into E. Europe Recruit local Christians as janissaries (elite fighters) Adopt use of firearms (guns) in warfare Sultan Mehmet II sacks Constantinople “What a great city we have given over to plunder and destruction”; The Byzantine Empire falls

Ottoman Expansion Constantinople=Ottoman capital renamed Istanbul Sultan Salim I conquers Arab lands, named new caliph Local leaders are called Pashas, help rule empire Sultan Suleyman conquers Hungary Navy controls Eastern Mediterranean Ottoman Navy defeated by the Spanish, end exp.

Rule of the Safavids Early 1500s, Safavids control Persia Shiite Muslims, take control of Iran & Iraq Shah Ismail, goes to war with Sunni Turks Turks win, take lands, Safavids must move capital from Tabriz to Isfahan Turks control Caspian Sea Shah Abbas allies with Europeans against the Turks Safavid empire declines, Persia left in anarchy

India and the Mongols 1500s: India is a mix of Hindu & Muslim empires; Mongols take advantage, unite Babur creates new dynasty, uses artillery to conquer Kabul and Dehli Akbar (grandson) conquers most of India Religiously tolerant of Hindus, Jesuit advisors Eventually, Mongol power declines, replaced by the British

British India British set up trading posts in Surat, Fort William (Calcutta) & Chennai French try to also set up forts/trading posts Sir Robert Clive drives out French, is made chief representative of East India Co. Job: kill anyone who threatens British interests British often offended locals, but grew rich from trade, rule India until 1900s.