Prediction and Pathogenesis in Type 1 Diabetes Anette-G. Ziegler, Gerald T. Nepom  Immunity  Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages 468-478 (April 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.018 Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Individual Stratification for Diabetes Risk Reflects Stages of Disease Progression The following abbreviations are used: GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; IA-2, islet-associated autoantibody 2; ZnT8, zinc transporter 8; IVGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; and HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c. Immunity 2010 32, 468-478DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.018) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Type 1 Diabetes Risk Stratification by Islet Autoantibody Properties Increase in T1D risk is associated with progression of islet autoantibodies from single to multiple autoantibodies. Characteristics of the initial antibody response can help predict disease progression. The following abbreviations are used: IAA, insulin autoantibodies; GAD65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; IA-2, islet-associated autoantibody 2; and ZnT8, zinc transporter 8. Immunity 2010 32, 468-478DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.018) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Incidence of Islet Autoantibodies Cases with at least one Ab of IAA, GADA, IA2A, or ZnT8A per year, expressed as a percentage of children with a family history of diabetes ascertained in the BABYDIAB study population; abbreviations as in legend to Figure 2. Two waves of islet autoimmunity with an increased incidence at ∼1 year of age (“neonate” autoimmunity) and at around puberty are observed with distinct characteristics. Immunity 2010 32, 468-478DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.018) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions