1-1: What is LIFE? How do we study LIFE? VOCABULARY: Biology Cell Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Respond Evolve
1) Living things are ORGANIZED. What are some characteristics of living things? What does it mean to be “ALIVE”? 1) Living things are ORGANIZED.
1) Living things are ORGANIZED. Made up of cells UNICELLULAR: one celled MULTICELLULAR: many celled Unicellular Protozoans
Unicellular paramecium
Each cell contains the genetic material: DNA
2) Living things REPRODUCE. ● ASEXUAL = one parent; cell division, cloning, budding, regeneration
2) Living things REPRODUCE. ● SEXUAL = two parents; sperm and egg
3) Growth and Development Growth: increase in size & formation of new structures (could be at the cellular level) Development: cells increase in number and become different (differentiate)
4) Response to the Environment Heat Light Pressure Sound Gravity Examples: A plant seed only germinates when there is sufficient water and temperature. Plant roots grow down. Plant leaves grow towards sunlight.
5) Maintaining Internal Balance HOMEOSTASIS: process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable Example: How do humans maintain the same body temperature? too hot… we sweat too cold… we shiver
6) Living things require ENERGY. All living things use energy: make their own energy or consume energy PHOTOSYNTHESIS: using light energy to make “food” energy METABOLISM: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials Uses Metabolism Photosynthesis
7) ADAPTATION & EVOLUTION ● ADAPTATION: any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in a particular environment
7) ADAPTATION & EVOLUTION ● EVOLUTION: change over time A group of organisms can change over time Even though an individual develops, their inherited traits do not change leg bone in a whale
Branches of Biology Diversity of life is so great, biology is separated into branches ZOOLOGY: study animals MICROBIOLOGY: study bacteria BOTANY: study plants ETHOLOGY: study animal behavior PALEONTOLOGY: study life from the past
Levels of Organization Biosphere > Ecosystem > Community > Population > Organism > Organ Systems > Organs > Group of Cells (Tissues) > Cells > Molecules > Atoms > Protons, Neutrons, Electrons