Sexually Transmitted Diseases Unit 3 Infectious Disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Words To know Infectious Disease : disease caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another Communicable Disease : an infectious disease that is passed from one person to another Microorganisms : a living thing that can be seen only with a microscope Pathogens : any agent that causes diseases 2 most common pathogens Other Pathogens 1. Bacteria - fungi 2. Viruses - protists - parasitic worms

Types of Bacteria (common) A type of microorganism that can cause disease, majority are harmless Can kill bacteria with antibiotics Types of Bacteria (common) Strep throat Food/water poisoning urinary-tract infection sinus infection Tuberculosis

Types of viruses (common) A microscopic disease causing particle consisting of genetic material and a protein coat Attacks and kills living cells to make new viruses NO CURE Types of viruses (common) mononucleosis - measles hepatitis - common cold influenza - chicken pox HIV & AIDS - cold sores

Other pathogens Types of Fungi athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm Types of Protists one cell organism (malaria, west nile) Types of Parasitic Worms tapeworm, liver fluke (snails), trichinosis (from pigs - pork foods)

How are Infectious Diseases Spread? 1. Through the air 2. Contact with Contaminated Objects 3. Person to person 4. Food and Water 5. Animal Spreading Diseases From infectious and/or communicable diseases the body will either have an infection or a disease.

Defenses Against Infection Ways our body copes with infection: Skin Chemical Warfare on Germs Mucus Membranes Stomach Acids Helpful Microorganisms Your Immune System

Your Immunity Protection against developing a certain disease. Immune system – protects body from disease Immunization – injection of a small amount of a pathogen that will provide protection against an infections disease Antibiotics – drugs that kill or limit the growth of bacterial not viruses.

How the Immune System Works Pathogens – any agent that enters the body Macrophage – first attacks and activates Helper T Helper T cells – regulates the actions of T Cells Killer T cells – kills or neutralizes pathogens B cells – recognizes the size & produce antibodies 6. Antibodies – sticks to the pathogen & slows action 7. Suppressors T cells – turns off immune system Memory T cells – recognizes agent & immediately attacks

Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students Each year 3 million cases of STD in teens in U.S. Each year 1 million U.S. teens get pregnant HIV infection is the 6th leading cause of death among 15-24 y/o Unprotected sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners is risky for HIV, STD, and pregnancy One out of six college girls are raped. Mostly “date rape” & they know their victims.

What’s Happening in Georgia Georgia, like the rest of the Southeast, has some of the highest rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections (STDs/STIs) in the country. According to the CDC, in 2012 Georgia was ranked: 8th Highest in the U.S. for chlamydia with a rate of 534 per 100,000 5th Highest in the U.S. for gonorrhea with a rate of 156.1 per 100,000 1st in the U.S. for primary and secondary syphilis with a rate of 9.5 per 100,000 Cobb County Public Health - 2012

Sexual Activities + Depression = Suicide Motivation for Abstinence personal goals Concerned about risks (reward pleasure) Personal/Religious Beliefs (values) - Parents’ influence

How many STD’s are there? 1974 – 2 STD’s (gonorrhea & syphilis) 2004 – 20 different STD’s 2012 – 27 (3 new bacterial STD’s)

In the United States, about 85% of all sexually transmitted diseases occur in persons between the ages of 15 - 30.

Ways to Get an STD Vaginal, Anal, or Oral Sex Contamminated Needles Tattoos Piercing

2 Most Common STD Chlamydia (Bacteria - curable) Genital Warts (HPV) (virus – non-curable)

Fact Sheet (open link below) American Teens' Sexual and Reproductive Health May 2014

Through the Years Started out as VD (venereal disease) - Syphilis oldest VD STD (Sexual Transmissible Disease) STD (Sexual Transmitted Diseases) Today: STI (Sexual Transmitted Infection)

Types of STDs Type: Gonorrhea Cause: Bacteria Signs/Symptoms: often no signs/symptoms; heavy yellowish discharge Treatment: Antibiotic

Gonorrhea/Bacterial Often called the CLAP Penis was clapped between 2 hands to push out the infection

Type: PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) Causes: Bacteria Signs/Symptoms: painful sexual intercourse; uterine bleeding; urinary problems Treatment: Powerful antibiotics Type: Chlamydia Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; difficulty urinating; discharge Treatment: Antibiotics

Type: Genital herpes Causes: Virus Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; painful blisters on cervix or penis Treatment: No Cure

Type: Syphilis Causes: Bacteria Signs/Symptoms: 1st sign – small red bumps called chancre; 2nd rash/moist sores in genital areas; 3rd (final stage) blindness, paralysis, or death Treatment: Antibiotics

Type: Trichomoniasis Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge Treatment: Antibiotics Type: Genital Warts (Human Papilloma Virus) Causes: Virus Signs/Symptoms: Warts in the genital or anal area Treatment: No Cure

Type: Vaginitis Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge Treatment: Antibiotics depending on cause Type: Hepatitis B Causes: Virus Signs/Symptoms: flu like symptoms; dark urine; yellowish skin Treatment: No Cure

Type: Pubic Lice Causes: Parasitic Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area Treatment: Medicated lotions & shampoo Type: Scabies Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area, under breast, armpits, between fingers

Penicillin Common antibiotic used to treat many bacterial STD’s