EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

3 WAYS LAMARK GOT EVOLUTION WRONG Organisms DON’T have a desire to change Use and Disuse DON’T MATTER Traits must be GENETIC to be passed to the next generation

3 MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING DARWIN The age of the earth (Lyell) Population controls (Malthus) Breeding programs--aka Artificial Selection (Farmers)

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION Humans make sure that only individuals with more desirable traits produce offspring

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST Individuals whose traits are well suited to the environment survive. Those who aren’t die (or leave fewer offspring)

NATURAL SELECTION The process in nature where the most fit organisms produce more offspring

PEPPERED MOTHS: NATURAL SELECTION IN ACTION!

LOOK AT THE MOTHS BELOW AND PREDICT THE TYPE OF HABITAT THEY WOULD LIVE IN

PEPPER MOTHS pre-industrialization Which moth would be more fit? WHY???

PEPPER MOTHS post-industrialization Which moth would be more fit? WHY???

ON WHAT DOES NATURAL SELECTION OPERATE? PHENOTYPIC VARIATION

What is the cause of Phenotypic Variation? GENETIC MUTATIONS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SPECIES

POPULATION a collection of individuals of the same species in an given area that can breed with one another

NICHE the combination of an organism’s habitat and its job or role in that habitat

NO TWO SPECIES CAN OCCUPY THE SAME NICHE FOR VERY LONG!!!

WHAT HAPPENS IF 2 SPECIES OCCUPY THE SAME NICHE FOR LONG? EXTINCTION or EVOLUTION

DIVERGENT EVOLUTION (aka Adaptive Radiation) different species diverge from a common ancestor

CONVERGENT EVOLUTION creation of organisms that are similar in appearance and behavior (bats, birds, butterflies)