Hyperoxaluria: a gut–kidney axis?

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Hyperoxaluria: a gut–kidney axis? Stef Robijn, Bernd Hoppe, Benjamin A. Vervaet, Patrick C. D'Haese, Anja Verhulst Kidney International Volume 80, Issue 11, Pages 1146-1158 (December 2011) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.287 Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Overview of endogenous oxalate synthesis pathways. PH I–III, primary hyperoxaluria types I–III. Kidney International 2011 80, 1146-1158DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.287) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Proposed mechanism of renal oxalate handling. Cl−, chloride; DCT, distal convoluted tubule; OMCD, outer medulla collecting duct; Ox2−, oxalate; PCT, proximal convoluted tubule; PST, proximal straight tubule; SLC26, solute-linked carrier 26; SO42−, sulfate; TAL, thick ascending limb. Kidney International 2011 80, 1146-1158DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.287) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Proposed mechanism of oxalate handling across liver, stomach, and intestinal tract. Cl−, chloride; Ox2−, oxalate; SLC26, solute-linked carrier 26; SO42−, sulfate. Kidney International 2011 80, 1146-1158DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.287) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions