Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded SPONGE: Anywhere on pg 8-9 Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded 2 8 3 26.9815386 Protons Neutrons Electrons Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic #

Draw a Aluminum Atom Protons: 13 Neutrons: 14 (27-13= 14) Electrons: 13

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 Topic: 2 Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 Topic: 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Essential Question: Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a Tree Map on pg. 10. 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a tree map Key Concept: Carbon based molecules are the foundation of life

KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

Objectives 1.h- Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors 4.e- Students know proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence of amino acids

Draw a Carbon Atom Protons: 6 Neutrons: 6 Electrons: 6

Carbon “The building block of life” -carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Electrons

Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures.

Macromolecules: very large and complex molecules produced when carbon chains bond with carbon rings

Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together (like links in a chain) Monomers are the individual subunits. (mono=1) Polymers are made of many monomers. (poly= +1)

Carbon Based Molecules Tree Map (p. 44-48) in Bio Book Pg. 10 in INB Carbohydrates What are they? 2 main types? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with carbohydrates Pictures Lipids What are they? 2 main types? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with lipids Pictures Proteins What are they? What are amino acids? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with proteins Pictures Nucleic Acids What are they? What is their function? What are the two types? What do the two types do? Pictures (p.241)

Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Can you think of any foods that you eat that have carbohydrates “carbs” in them?

Two types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides are simple sugars (candy, jam, desserts) Polysaccharides include starches (cereals, bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice)

Why do we need Carbohydrates???

Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.

Lipids are non polar molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

Many lipids contain carbon chains called fatty acids. Fatty acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

1) saturated fatty acids: Most animal fats Ex: milk, steak, eggs, butter

2) Unsaturated fatty acids: Plant fat= oils “Good for you” fats Ex: avocados, nuts, beans

Hypothesize why we need lipids???

broken down as a source of energy Store large amounts of chemical energy make up cell membranes/structure used to make hormones

Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids: are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Carbon bonding four atoms together

What types of foods give us proteins?

Hypothesize why we need proteins?

Proteins are used for movement, eyesight, and digestion.

Nucleic acids biological molecules essential for life on Earth Nucleic acids biological molecules essential for life on Earth. Made of polymers of nucleotides. *They have only one job: To work together to make proteins

2 Types of nucleic acids: DNA stores the information for making proteins; stores genetic information. DNA RNA helps builds proteins. RNA

Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)

1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins.

Broken down as energy Eyesight Make-up cell membrane digestion 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins. Broken down as energy Make-up cell membrane Used to make hormones Eyesight digestion movement