Entomology Kit Climate Data Analysis Tutorial Vandalia Science Education Updated 2/22/11

Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3rd Instar Species A, 2nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

Elapsed degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 2: Determine the number of degree hours for each day using the weather service data. To do this, multiply the average temperature times 24 hours for each day. This can be performed in a spreadsheet. The collection time was 3:00PM on June 20, this tells us to multiply the first average temperature by 15 hours instead of 24 Every other daily average temperature in the month will be multiplied by 24

Elapsed degree-hours for each day MAX MIN AVG DEPAR-TURE FROM NORMAL HEATING COOLING TOTAL WATER EQUIV SNOW-FALL, ICE PELLETS SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEED (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE-SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENCES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours 1 18.3 10.6 16.1 -1.9 -1.0 2.2 0.0 0.00 6.3 10.08 6 S 18.7 386.666667 2 19.4 12.8 15.0 -3.0 -1.7 3.3 0.09 13.8 22.08 SE 26.2 360 3 17.2 9.4 -5.2 -2.9 5.6 0.19 27.52 8 5 SW 33.3 306.666667 4 20.0 13.3 -4.7 -2.6 5.0 0.28 12.3 19.68 9 W 38.6 320 21.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 11.1 17.76 7 1,2 W 28.3 466.666667 25.6 16.7 20.6 2.6 8.1 12.96 SW 24.3 493.333333 23.9 15.2 0.07 S 16.7 0.11 13.2 21.12 S 27.9 22.1 13.9 18.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 4.2 6.72 SE 10.3 453.333333 10 25.0 12.6 8.88 14.208 S 22.7 11 8.9 15.3 -2.7 -1.5 0.67 19.6 31.36 3,5 S 32.4 367.2 12 14.5 10.5 -7.5 -4.2 1.13 T 23.5 37.6 1,3,5 SW 43.8 252 13 7.2 12.1 -5.9 -3.3 0.23 14.2 22.72 S 29.8 290.4 14 19.3 9.3 0.02 16.8 S 24.5 15 16.5 11.9 19.04 SW 23 16 10.7 6.4 10.24 W 19.2 17 9.5 12.9 -5.1 -2.8 S 27.2 309.6 18 16.4 -1.6 -0.9 W 26.3 393.6 19 19.1 10.9 15.9 -2.1 -1.2 2.8 4.6 7.36 SW 17.8 381.6 20 22.0 18.4 0.4 0.2 7.4 11.84 W 23.1 276  

Degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table. Temp °C Egg 1st Instar 2nd Instar Feeding 3rd Instar Migrating 3rd Instar Pupa 21 31 26 50 118 240 21*21 = 441 31*21 = 651 26*21 = 546 50*21 = 1050 118*21 = 2478 240*21 = 5040

Degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table. Temp °C Egg 1st Instar 2nd Instar Feeding 3rd Instar Migrating 3rd Instar Pupa 21 25 37 31 60 124 286 25*21 = 525 37*21 = 777 31*21 = 651 60*21 = 1260 124*21 = 2604 286*21 = 6006

Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °C Egg 1st Instar 2nd Instar Feeding 3rd Instar Migrating 3rd Instar Pupa 21 31 26 50 118 240 Deg Hrs 441 651 546 1050 2478 5040 Cum. Deg Hrs 651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+1638 = 5166 5040+5166 = 10206 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 10206

Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °C Egg 1st Instar 2nd Instar Feeding 3rd Instar Migrating 3rd Instar Pupa 21 25 37 31 60 124 286 Deg Hrs 525 777 651 1260 2604 6006 Cum. Deg Hrs 777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953 1260+1953 = 3213 2604+3213 = 5817 6006+5817 = 11823 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 11823

Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the average temperature that day. DAY MAX MIN AVG DEPAR-TURE FROM NORMAL HEATING COOLING TOTAL WATER EQUIV SNOW-FALL, ICE PELLETS SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEED (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE-SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENCES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 1 18.3 10.6 16.1 -1.9 -1.0 2.2 0.0 0.00 6.3 10.08 6 S 18.7 386.666667 7283.73333 2 19.4 12.8 15.0 -3.0 -1.7 3.3 0.09 13.8 22.08 SE 26.2 360 6897.06667 3 17.2 9.4 -5.2 -2.9 5.6 0.19 27.52 8 5 SW 33.3 306.666667 6537.06667 4 20.0 13.3 -4.7 -2.6 5.0 0.28 12.3 19.68 9 W 38.6 320 6230.4 21.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 11.1 17.76 7 1,2 W 28.3 466.666667 5910.4 25.6 16.7 20.6 2.6 8.1 12.96 SW 24.3 493.333333 5443.73333 23.9 15.2 0.07 S 16.7 4950.4 0.11 13.2 21.12 S 27.9 4483.73333 22.1 13.9 18.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 4.2 6.72 SE 10.3 453.333333 4097.06667 10 25.0 12.6 8.88 14.208 S 22.7 3643.73333 11 8.9 15.3 -2.7 -1.5 0.67 19.6 31.36 3,5 S 32.4 367.2 3257.06667 12 14.5 10.5 -7.5 -4.2 1.13 T 23.5 37.6 1,3,5 SW 43.8 252 2889.86667 13 7.2 12.1 -5.9 -3.3 0.23 14.2 22.72 S 29.8 290.4 2637.86667 14 19.3 9.3 0.02 16.8 S 24.5 2347.46667 15 16.5 11.9 19.04 SW 23 1987.46667 16 10.7 6.4 10.24 W 19.2 1680.8 17 9.5 12.9 -5.1 -2.8 S 27.2 309.6 1360.8 18 16.4 -1.6 -0.9 W 26.3 393.6 1051.2 19 19.1 10.9 15.9 -2.1 -1.2 2.8 4.6 7.36 SW 17.8 381.6 657.6 20 22.0 18.4 0.4 0.2 7.4 11.84 W 23.1 276  

Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species A life stage collection for the adult male. Feeding 3rd Instar Migrating 3rd Instar 50 118 1050 2478 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+1638 = 5166 DAY degree hours cumulative degree hours 1 386.666667 7283.73333 2 360 6897.06667 3 306.666667 6537.06667 4 320 6230.4 5 466.666667 5910.4 6 493.333333 5443.73333 7 4950.4 8 4483.73333 9 453.333333 4097.06667 10 3643.73333 11 367.2 3257.06667 12 252 2889.86667 13 290.4 2637.86667 14 2347.46667 15 1987.46667 16 1680.8 17 309.6 1360.8 18 393.6 1051.2 19 381.6 657.6 20 276   On Day 11, the cumulative degree-hours were 3257. Species A takes 2688 degree-hours to complete development in the Feeding 3rd Instar and begin development in the Migration stage of the 3rd Instar. The temperature data alone suggests that the eggs were laid on the 12th, but there was a storm then, so we know that the eggs were laid before then since flies are not active during thunderstorms.

Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species B life stage collection for the adult male. 1st Instar 2nd Instar 37 31 777 651 777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953 DAY degree hours cumulative degree hours 1 386.666667 7283.73333 2 360 6897.06667 3 306.666667 6537.06667 4 320 6230.4 5 466.666667 5910.4 6 493.333333 5443.73333 7 4950.4 8 4483.73333 9 453.333333 4097.06667 10 3643.73333 11 367.2 3257.06667 12 252 2889.86667 13 290.4 2637.86667 14 2347.46667 15 1987.46667 16 1680.8 17 309.6 1360.8 18 393.6 1051.2 19 381.6 657.6 20 276   On Day 17, the cumulative degree-hours were 1360. Species B takes 1302 degree-hours to complete development in the 1st Instar and begin development in the 2nd Instar.

Conclusion: Bodies have been dead for a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours Post Mortem Interval = ∑ hours(day) = h(20) + h(19) + h(18) … h(10) = 207 hours = 8 days, 15 hours DAY degree hours cumulative degree hours 9 453.333333 4097.06667 10 386.666667 3643.73333 11 367.2 3257.06667 12 252 2889.86667 13 290.4 2637.86667 14 360 2347.46667 15 306.666667 1987.46667 16 320 1680.8 17 309.6 1360.8 18 393.6 1051.2 19 381.6 657.6 20 276   THUNDERSTORM The post mortem interval was calculated to be 8 days, 15 hours, but we know that the storm occurred on the evening of the 11th, so we conjecture that at the flies were active at least an hour on the 11th, thus bringing our PMI to a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours. The actual PMI, which is unknown, may vary up to 12 hours more than this calculation due to weather. Students’ calculations may vary by up to a day later.

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