Marbury v. Madison Issue: Marbury sued over a judgeship promised him by an outgoing president. Ruling: Established the principal of Judicial Review; strengthening.

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Marbury v. Madison Issue: Marbury sued over a judgeship promised him by an outgoing president. Ruling: Established the principal of Judicial Review; strengthening the power of the Supreme Court =

Gibbons v. Ogden Issue: Shipping rights on the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey Ruling: The federal government controls interstate shipping, not individual states

McCulloch v. Maryland Issue: Does the state have the power to tax the federal government? Ruling: Reinforced the power of the federal government over the state. The National Bank operates under the “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution.

Worcester v. Georgia Issue: Georgia state government said any U.S. citizen who wanted to enter Cherokee territory had to obtain permission from the governor Ruling: Georgia state law was overturned, because the federal government had the constitutionally mandated role of regulating trade with the tribes

Scott v. Sanford Issue: Dred Scott sued for his freedom because his master lived in Illinois a free state. Ruling: 1) African Americans were not citizens. 2) The federal government had no power to regulate slavery.