Targeting PKC in Human T Cells Using Sotrastaurin (AEB071) Preserves Regulatory T Cells and Prevents IL-17 Production Xuehui He, Hans J.P.M. Koenen,

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Date of download: 5/31/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Toll-like Receptors in Regulatory T Cells of Patients.

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Targeting PKC in Human T Cells Using Sotrastaurin (AEB071) Preserves Regulatory T Cells and Prevents IL-17 Production Xuehui He, Hans J.P.M. Koenen, Ruben L. Smeets, Romy Keijsers, Esther van Rijssen, Andreas Koerber, Peter C. van de Kerkhof, Annemieke M.H. Boots, Irma Joosten Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages 975-983 (April 2014) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.459 Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 AEB071 inhibits conventional T (Tconv)-cell activation and IFNγ/IL-17A production. CD4+CD25- Tconv were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb-coated beads with or without AEB071 (10μM) or rapamycin (200nM) and phenotypically analyzed at day 1, 3, or 6. (a) Representative dot-plots showing CD69, HLA-DR, CD25, PD1, CTLA4, and Foxp3 expression at day 6 of culture (left panel) and cumulative data showing the frequency of each marker analyzed (right panel), n=6. (b) Presence of IL-17A in cell culture supernatants at days 3 and 6 as measured by Luminex. Each data point represents a separate experiment performed with CD4+CD25- cells obtained from different healthy blood donors, n=6. *P<0.05; **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 975-983DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.459) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 AEB071 preserves regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype and prevents Treg from producing IFNγ/IL-17A. FACS-sorted CD4+CD25high Treg were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb-coated beads or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/anti-CD28 mAb plus recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) in the presence of a graded dose of AEB071 (red line) or rapamycin (blue line). (a) Proliferation of Treg was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation during the last 6 hours of a 7-day culture, n=5. (b) Flow cytometry of Treg cultured for 7 days as described above in the presence of AEB071 (1μM), rapamycin (200nM), or C20 (1μM). Representative dot-plot showing CD25+Foxp3+ expression (left panel) and cumulative data showing the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD25+ and Foxp3+ cells (right panel), n=3. (c, d) Presence of IFNγ and/or IL-17A in cell culture supernatant at day 7 as measured by Luminex. IL-1β was added to the culture where indicated. (e) Cumulative data showing the frequency of RORγt+ cells. All experiments were performed with Treg obtained from different healthy blood donors. Mean+SEM are shown, n=3. NS, not significant; *P<0.05; **P<0.01. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 975-983DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.459) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) preserves regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive function. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based co-culture suppression assay of CD4+CD25high Treg that were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28/rhIL-2 in the absence or presence of AEB071 (1μM), C20(1μM), or rapamycin (200nM). (a, c) A representative overlay histogram of CFSE-based suppression assay is shown on day 3 of co-culture. (b) Cumulative data showing %inhibition of Tresp proliferation induced by expanded Treg that were cultured according to the conditions mentioned. All experiments were performed with CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25- cells obtained from different healthy blood donors, n=5 (a, b) or n=3 (c). Mean+SEM are shown. NS, not significant; Tresp, responder T cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 975-983DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.459) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 AEB071 prevents the extensive loss of Foxp3 and inhibits IFNγ/IL-17A production by peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg) from psoriasis patients. CD4+ T cells or CD4+CD25high Treg isolated from psoriasis peripheral blood were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb-coated beads in the absence/presence of AEB071 (1μM) or rapamycin (200nM) for 7 days. IL-1β or IL-23 was included where indicated. In case of Treg, rhIL-2 was also administrated to the cultures. (a) Cumulative data showing the frequency of Foxp3+ cells as measured by flow cytometry, n=11. (b) Cumulative data showing the amount of IFNγ and IL-17A in the culture supernatants of patient CD4+ cells as measured by Luminex, n=11. (c) Representative dot-plots showing Foxp3 expression on Treg from two different psoriatic patients following stimulation as described above for 7 days. Cumulative data showing the frequency of Foxp3+ cells (right panel), n=7. (d) Cumulative data showing the amount of IL-17A in psoriatic patient Treg-cell culture supernatants at day 7 of culture. Each data point represents a separate experiment, performed with cells isolated from a different psoriasis patient, n=7. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. PAT, patient. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 975-983DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.459) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 AEB071 prevents IL-17A and IFNγ production by skin-resident T cells. Punch skin biopsies obtained from healthy individuals and psoriasis patients were used for preparation of the single dermal cell populations as described in Material and Methods. Thereafter, cells were either analyzed by FACS analysis for CD3, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), and Foxp3 expression or cultured as schematically indicated (b) with or without AEB071 (10μM). (a) Dot-plots showing the expression of CLA and Foxp3 based on the CD3+-gated derma cell population at day 0. Dot-plots show one representative healthy donor and one merged dot-plot of three patients. (c) Cumulative data showing the percentage of Foxp3+ cells after the first round of 12-day stimulation (primary (D12)) or after the second round of 7-day stimulation (expanded (D19)). (d) Cumulative data showing the percentage of IL-17A and IFNγ-positive cells at days 12 and 19 of culture. In total, three healthy and five patient skin biopsies were used. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 975-983DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.459) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions