Polar Molecules Link to Phet Polar Molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Polar Molecules Link to Phet Polar Molecules

Dipole An uneven distribution of electron density a molecule. Results in a partial + and partial - . Direction of dipole shown by arrow pointing toward negative end (cross on arrow near + end)

Polar Molecules Step 1: Lewis Dot (water) Molecules with a “net” or total dipole. Three steps in determining polarity: Step 1: Lewis Dot (water)

Step 2: Geometry Bonding Regions? Nonbonding Pairs? Geometry is Bent or Angular 2 2

Check for Symmetry Step 3: Examine arrangement of charges 1) Polar Bonds : EN difference between atoms

If NO POLAR BONDS MOLECULE IS ALWAYS NONPOLAR O2 NONPOLAR EN O = 3.5; ∆EN = 3.5-3.5 = 0

2) Nonbonding (lone) Pairs on Central Atom

3) Symmetry of Molecule: If symmetric = NONPOLAR NO NET DIPOLE Carbon Dioxide POLAR BONDS CANCEL; EQUAL AND OPPOSITE

Roping Analogy Equal and Opposite Forces

Concept of equal and opposite forces

3) Symmetry of Molecule: NOT symmetric = POLAR (overall or Net dipole)

If molecular geometry is not correct – symmetry may be misjudged CORRECT! WATER IS BENT AND POLAR!! WRONG! Water is NOT LINEAR and NONPOLAR

Water

All identical outside atoms + NO nonbonding pairs on central atom= symmetric (non-polar)

Sample Polarities