Fas-associating death domain protein overexpression induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells Peter K.M. Kim, MD, Sang-Youel Park, PhD, Patrick P Koty,

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Fas-associating death domain protein overexpression induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells Peter K.M. Kim, MD, Sang-Youel Park, PhD, Patrick P Koty, PhD, Yun Hua, BA, James D Luketich, MD, Timothy R Billiar, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 125, Issue 6, Pages 1336-1342 (June 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3

Figure 1 Dose-dependent FADD protein expression in lung cancer cells infected with Ad-FADD. A549 cells (2 × 105) were plated in 6-well dishes and infected with increasing multiplicities of infection (MOI: 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50) of Ad-FADD. Cells were harvested 24 hours later and protein lysates were probed by Western immunoblotting with anti-FADD antibody. Membranes were stripped and reprobed with anti-actin antibody to demonstrate equal loading of lanes. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)

Figure 2 Structure of A549 cells treated with Ad-FADD infection. Cells plated in 12 wells were infected with no virus (A), control Ad-EGFP at MOI 50 (B), or Ad-FADD at increasing MOI of 5 (C), 10 (D), 25 (E), and 50 (F). Twenty-four hours after infection, cell structure was photographed under phase-contrast microscopy at original magnification × 10. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)

Figure 3 Effect of Ad-FADD infection on A549 cell viability. A549 cells plated in 12 wells were exposed to no virus, Ad-EGFP at MOI 50, or increasing concentrations of Ad-FADD (5, 10, 25, and 50). Twenty-four hours later, cell viability was determined by crystal violet staining. Viability of control cells (no virus) was set at 100% and viabilities relative to control are presented. Experiments were performed in duplicate for three experiments. Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Significance was assessed with one-way ANOVA comparing the viability after each Ad-FADD infection to the viability after Ad-EGFP infection at MOI 50 (n = 3, *P = .02, **P < .001). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)

Figure 4 Effect of Ad-FADD infection on procaspase-8 and activated caspase-8 cleavage protein levels. A549 cells were plated in 6-well dishes and infected with increasing multiplicities of infection of Ad-FADD (MOI: 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50), control empty virus (Ad-control) at MOI 50, or no virus. Cells were harvested 24 hours later and lysates were probed by Western immunoblotting with anti-caspase-8 antibody. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)

Figure 5 Ad-FADD infection induces apoptotic cell death in NCI-H226 cells. NCI-H226 cells plated were exposed to no virus (A), Ad-EGFP (B), or Ad-FADD (C) at MOI 50. Twenty-four hours later, cells were photographed under phase-contrast microscopy at original magnification × 10. Cell viability was determined at 24 hours by crystal violet staining for a representative of three experiments performed in duplicate. Caspase activity was assessed by counting the percentage of NCI-H226 cells stained with fluorescently labelled z-VAD (red, arrows) and Hoescht for nuclei (blue) 24 hours after infection with media (D), Ad-EGFP (E), or Ad-FADD (F) at MOI 25. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)

Figure 6 Role of FADD in mechanisms of apoptosis in tumor cells. Ionizing radiation and cytotoxic drugs induce apoptosis in cancer cells via a p53-dependent, mitochondrial pathway that activates caspase-9. In certain cell types, these cytotoxic agents can induce apoptosis via death-receptor and FADD-dependent signaling that activates caspase-8. Tumors can develop resistance to radiation and chemotherapy by altering the mitochondrial pathway (eg, p53 mutations as in NCI-H226 cells) or changing death receptor expression and function (as in A549 cells). Overexpression of FADD may be used to activate latent apoptosis pathways in resistant clones or in combination with other therapeutic modalities. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2003 125, 1336-1342DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(02)73227-3)