Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American governent C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What plan for government does the Constitution create? Warm UP (in UNIT 2 Note Journal): What is the best way to ensure that a government protects the rights and freedoms of its people? Key Lesson Vocabulary Article V – Constitutional amendment process Checks & Balances Limited government Article VI – Supremacy Clause Preamble Article VII – ratification process Article I Delegated Powers Article II Reserved Powers Bicameral Article III Article IV: Full Faith & Credit clause Extradition Key Lesson Skills - Students should be able to: Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American governent

C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. Performance Task - Option 2 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) For these students: Federalists: Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj Anti-Federalists: Tahja, Shamar, Cam Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

(See Rubric in Lesson Map) C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification Performance Task (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. OR: Conduct a debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists Website: www.mrggcivivcs.weebly.com DEADLINES & HOMEWORK: Lesson One: PT: Today Lesson Two: PT Lesson Three: PT Vocabulary Quiz: Lesson 4: PT Lesson 5: PT Lesson 6: PT Unit 2A Exam: Monday, October 5

Describe YOUR Ideal Government! Write: “Tradeoffs in Government” as heading in your interactive NB I will give you a series of choices, and I want you to write a sentence for each explaining which choice you prefer.

Democratic or not? Most democratic – everyone votes on everything Least democratic Dictatorship; government has total control

Elected officials or not? ELECTED – people vote to pick government officials NOT ELECTED Heredity (passed on from generation to generation) Test based system Government officials must pass tests

Centralized or Decentralized? Centralized – national government has total power and control DECENTRALIZED – Lots of smaller government units share power

Single leader or not? One government official person makes all final decisions No single leader – government officials have to share power with each other

Declaration of Independence What were those main ideas again?

Colonists Want to Govern Themselves Second Continental Congress (1776) Signs the Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_56cZGRMx4 Adopts ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION First attempt at creating an American Government

What IS a “constitution” Constitution – a written plan that sets up the government Gives government power Sets limits for government power Describes how laws will be made ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION First attempt to establish a constitution for the United States of America

What kind of Government did the Founders Want? Limited Government --Government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do. Representative Government / Republic First three word of constitution: “WE THE PEOPLE” FEDERALISM / Federal System SEPARATION OF POWERS: Power is shared by national, state, & local governments

Federalism Federalism – government system in which power is shared between separately elected governments at the local, state, and national levels The question is: which level of government has how much power, and how are these powers balanced?

Take out Federalism Foldable What local officials are elected and hold power? Statewide? Federal? What powers do local governments hold? State governments? The Federal government?

Federalism: Balancing Powers By guaranteeing that States have certain powers and jurisdiction, the Constitution LIMITS the power of the National government There has always been debate about HOW MUCH power should be held by states, and how much should be held nationally

Separation of Powers: TWO METHODS Federal System Different levels of government; each has jurisdiction over different things JURISDICTION – responsibility over / authority over NATIONAL GOVERNMENT has power STATE GOVERNMENT has power LOCAL GOVERNMENT has power Checks & Balances: divides powers between branches of THE SAME level of government NATIONAL / FEDERAL gov has executive, legislative, & judicial STATE government has executive, legislative, & judicial LOCAL government has Executive & Legislative

The Articles of Confederation create a WEAK federal government No strong executive (3 co-presidents) No federal power to tax No federal court system to resolve disputes No federal power to regulate commerce No federal power to enforce laws within the states In general, the articles left a very weak Federal government and made it difficult to function as a nation; each state could just do its own thing.

Shay’s Rebellion (1787) After the Revolutionary war, the colonies owed France a lot of money Massachusetts decided to raise taxes on farmers Daniel Shays and other working class farmers staged a rebellion to protest the tax Massachusetts was too weak and there was no national army to respond The rebellion was crushed, but… Rebellion frightened government officials & proved that the Articles of Confederation were too weak

An opening for the Federalists James Madison was a key federalist People who believed a strong central government was necessary Madison called for a convention to draft a new constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation, which were too weak Shays’ rebellion helped convince many leaders that Madison was right and a new constitution was necessary

Download the notes from classroom Use them to take your notes up through slide # 19. There will be a mini quiz at 3:30pm on the notes to this point in the lesson.

Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American government C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What plan for government does the Constitution create? Warm UP (in classroom): Analyze this quotation & provide response in classroom: “Give all the power to the man, they will oppress the few. Give all the power to the few, they will oppress the many.” Alexander Hamilton, 1787 Key Lesson Vocabulary Article V – Constitutional amendment process Checks & Balances Limited government Article VI – Supremacy Clause Preamble Article VII – ratification process Article I Delegated Powers Article II Reserved Powers Bicameral Article III Article IV: Full Faith & Credit clause Extradition Key Lesson Skills - Students should be able to: Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American government

C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. Performance Task - Option 2 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) For these students: Federalists: Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj Anti-Federalists: Tahja, Shamar, Cam Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

Break this down: what point is this author making? “Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.” (Federalist Number 2)

Strengthening Federal Power James Madison was a key federalist Federalists -- people who believed the national government should have more power than the states Madison organizes a Constitutional Convention to draft a new constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation Shays’ rebellion helped convince many leaders that Madison was right and a new constitution was necessary New constitution SHIFTS MANY POWERS TO NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

So, to sum things up… Colonists wanted to govern themselves & declared independence from British, authoritarian rule Articles of Confederation created a weak national government that left most powers in the hands of the states; By 1787, people like James Madison felt the Federal government needed more power; Madison organized a Constitutional Convention Held in Philadelphia, May-August of 1787 New constitution gave more power to the national government, but states still kept some reserved powers This leads to MAJOR POWER STRUGGLE Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalism: A Power Struggle After declaring independence, the new states had to decide how to work together. They decided on a “confederation,” which is basically an alliance between each state States DID NOT want to give power to a central authority because they feared the effects of Parliament’s centralized power States wanted to keep as much control over their own borders as possible

The Constitutional Convention (1787) 55 delegates from all 13 states Met in Philadelphia, PA G. Washington elected convention president James Madison – “father” of the constitution

What is the purpose of a Constitution? Constitution – written plan for government Describes the powers of government Creates process for selecting government Creates process for making important decisions States what rights people have LIMITS THE POWER OF GOV’T Who needs a constitution? Nations States Counties/cities (called CHARTERS) organizations

The Social Contract Many seemed unclear on our test, so… Social contract– an agreement people make to create a government People give up some freedoms in exchange for a promise from government to protect their natural rights Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu are all considered “social contract” philosophers Social contract theory developed during the enlightenment

The Constitution in 10 Minutes… With your partner, review the “summary of the constitution” handout Be prepared to report: What does each section/article deal with? (the WHAT) What makes this section/article IMPORTANT (the WHY) Assigned Sections: EVERYONE reads preamble & “7 ARTICLES” summary Article 1: Groups 10 & 7 Article 2: Groups 2 & 9 Article 3: Groups 3 & 8 Article 4: Groups 4 & 6 Article 5: Groups 5 Article 6: ALL GROUPS Article 7: BONUS!

THE Preamble 1st part of Constitution States the purpose of the constitution I had to memorize the preamble in 7th grade – did any of you have to do that? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yx5d3haRG7M&feature=related

In PAIRS (60 seconds): Review each line of the preamble Brainstorm examples that represent the meaning / significance of each line Lines 1-2: Groups 1-3 Lines 3-4: Groups 4-6 Lines 5-6: Groups 7 &8 Lines 7-8: Groups 9 & 10 Lines 9-10: Bonus

Preamble to the Constitution We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ0cFFLqFvA

5 Principles of American Democracy Limited Government” --Government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do. “Rule of Law” -- alll people, including those who govern, are bound by the law. “Consent of the governed” -- The power of the government comes from the citizens. “Individual Rights” -- Individual rights are protected by government. “Representative Government” -- People elect government leaders to make laws and govern on their behalf. Textbook pp. 10-11

Structure of the Constitution Preamble – describes the purpose & goal of the constitution and of government Article I – Sets up the Legislative Branch bicameral legislature, also called Congress, makes laws Bicameral means TWO PARTS: separate House & Senate Article II – Sets up the Executive Branch President, VP & Cabinet is the chief executive & enforces the laws made by congress Article III – Sets up the Supreme Court Judicial Branch (the courts) Decides court cases interprets the meaning of the constitution and other laws

How does the death of Antonin Scalia affect out government & Politics? Checks & Balances (EXAMPLE) Supreme Court Appointment Antonin Scalia died Saturday

Article 1-Legislative Branch (Makes Laws) BI-CAMERAL – two chambers: Senate Each state gets 2 seats 6 year terms House of Representatives Based on population 2 year terms

Expressed / Delegated Powers “delegated powers” – powers that the constitution gives the FEDERAL government Also called “DELEGATED” powers; Clearly written down in the constitution

Elastic Clause; also called “necessary & proper clause” Creates IMPLIED POWERS that are not specifically written into the constitution Congress has the power to make new laws as it needs to “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for executing the powers delegated by the constitution

Article 2-The Executive Branch (Enforces Laws) President and Vice President Terms of 4 years Chosen by Electoral College

Article 3-The Judicial Branch (Interprets Laws) 1 Supreme Court Lower Courts

Separation of Powers Government divided into three branches the constitution says what each branch can do Legislative-makes laws Executive-enforces laws Judicial-interprets laws

Article IV Reserves Powers to the States “reserved powers” are those that states keep “delegated powers” are those that the constitution gives the U.S. government States can set up their own governments and make their own laws Full Faith and Credit clause Each state’s citizens must repsect the laws of other states they may visit Extradition – states must agree to send to another state for trial a person accused of a crime in that state

Article IV: Reserved Powers Delegated Powers See previous slide: Powers given to national/FEDERAL gov. by constitution Delegate – means GIVE “delegated powers” are things that the constitution clearly says that the federal government has jurisdiction over If a power is not granted by the constitution, the Federal government DOES NOT HAVE THAT POWER Reserved Powers Powers held by the States; Constitution says the Federal government can’t mess with this stuff, it’s not their job Concurrent powers – stuff that BOTH the state AND the federal government is responsible for

Delegated, Reserved, & Concurrent Powers

Article V – Amending the Constution Constitution CAN be changed, but it’s not easy 2/3 of congress must approve the change 67 senators 281 Representatives ¾ of the states must approve a change 38 states

Article VI: Federal Power Called the SUPREMACY CLAUSE means that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land (no higher law) All national and state laws must agree with / be consistent with the U.S. constitution In a conflict between State & Federal law, Federal law wins: IMPORTANT FOR Civil Rights: After the Civil Rights Act, southern states could not legally enforce segregation, even if they still wanted to Gives judges the authority to strike down State laws that violate the constitution This is called the power of JUDICIAL REVIEW conflict: same sex marriage; abortion rights

Article 6: SUPREMACY CLAUSE What’s that again?? No law is higher than the U.S. Constitution conflict: same sex marriage; abortion rights

Article VII - Ratification Describes process for how each state would need to approve the constitution before it would go into effect

4th - Monday

Primary Source Readings Read and annotate the excerpts from Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, & George Mason. Answer the questions about each on the paper provided. (through #7) When done: break down the excerpt on the back from James Madison. Answer the questions provided. Finish #11.

Enter the Anti-Federalists Anti-federalists opposed the constitution, fearing that: that 1 person could not effectively represent 30,000 people Federal government would be dominated by the wealthy and powerful States would have very little power in the new system

Break this down: what point is this author making? "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference.“ Thomas Jefferson

27 Amendments Listed AFTER the 7 articles These are the changes that have been made to the Constitution Only 27 in 235 years 1st ten are called “the Bill of Rights”

Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. 15 minutes now to plan / write: Make it your own: Put it in your own words What does America means to you? what should it mean? Here’s a rap as an example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ0cFFLqFvA FINISH EARLY? Work on Review Packet

C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. Performance Task - Option 2 (See Rubric in Lesson Map) For these students: Federalists: Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj Anti-Federalists: Tahja, Shamar, Cam Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

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(See Rubric in Lesson Map) C&E Unit 2: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Preamble & Structure of the Constitution Performance Task (See Rubric in Lesson Map) Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution. 15 minutes now to plan / write: Make it your own: Put it in your own words What does America means to you? what should it mean? Here’s a rap as an example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ0cFFLqFvA FINISH EARLY? Work on Review Packet