Figure 7 T cells in liver inflammation

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Figure 7 T cells in liver inflammation Figure 7 | T cells in liver inflammation. Following liver damage, T cells become activated, switching from naive CD45RA to activated CD45RO T cells. CD4+ TH cells differentiate into TH1, TH2 or TH17 cells dependent on the initial stimulus and liver microenvironment and therefore can augment CD8+ T-cell responses to develop into fully-functional antiviral CTLs, propagate innate inflammation but also influence liver fibrosis development. Conventional T cells contribute to HSC activation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation, actively promoting liver fibrosis; unconventional γδ T cells limit fibrotic responses by deletion of HSCs and active suppression by induction of MDSCs. CB2, cannabinoid receptor 2; Col-1, collagen type I; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; FasL, Fas ligand; FFA, free fatty acid; HSC, hepatic stellate cell; HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T cell; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NK cell, natural killer cell; NKT cell, natural killer T cell; PD-1, programmed death 1; α-SMA, α smooth muscle actin; TEM, effector memory T cell; TH, T helper cell; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β. Heymann, F. & Tacke, F. (2016) Immunology in the liver — from homeostasis to disease Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.200