Connecting independent clauses since 1494.

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Presentation transcript:

Connecting independent clauses since 1494. SEMICOLONS Connecting independent clauses since 1494.

Rule 1 Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are closely related in meaning if they are not joined by and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet. Example: The Jonas Brothers’ latest CD is selling rapidly; they have become major stars.

Rule 2 Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or transitional expression. Examples: I’ve called him repeatedly; however, I’ve not been able to reach him. Julio seems tired; in fact, he seems completely exhausted.

Rule 3 A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction when the clauses contain commas. CONFUSING Bob, Joe, and Mary will sing, and my sister, Pat, will lead the band. CLEAR Bob, Joe, and Mary will sing; and my sister, Pat, will lead the band.

Rule 4 Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas. Examples: In Europe they visited London, England, Paris, France, and Madrid, Spain. In Europe they visited London, England; Paris, France; and Madrid, Spain.