Figure 3 Optical coherence tomography images of specialized intestinal

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Figure 3 Optical coherence tomography images of specialized intestinal metaplasia with and without intramucosal carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia Figure 3 | Optical coherence tomography images of specialized intestinal metaplasia with and without intramucosal carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia. a | Optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of specialized intestinal metaplasia without dysplasia demonstrates glandular architecture with a relatively low reflectivity. b | Corresponding histology to part a demonstrates a low nuclear to cytoplasm ratio in the superficial epithelium (inset). c | OCT image of intramucosal carcinoma–high-grade dysplasia (IMC/HGD) enables visualization of large and irregular glands (arrows). d | Irregular, dilated glands are also seen in the corresponding histology to part c (arrows). e | OCT image of IMC/HGD shows a disorganized architecture and increased surface reflectivity (arrows). f | Corresponding histology for part e demonstrates abnormal glandular architecture and an increased superficial nuclear to cytoplasm ratio (inset). Histology: haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, 40 ×. Scale bars, 500 µm. Modified with permission from Elsevier © Evans, J. A. et al. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 38–43 (2006). Modified with permission from Elsevier © Evans, J. A. et al. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 38–43 (2006). Hoffman, A. et al. (2017) A guide to multimodal endoscopy imaging for gastrointestinal malignancy — an early indicator Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.46