Single Celled Organisms

A. All living things divided into 3 DOMAINS 1) Bacteria (prokaryote) 2) Archaebacteria (prokaryote = no nucleus) 3) Eukarya (all have nuclei)

B. Size of Cells 1. Bacteria and Archaebacteria are the smallest living things (about the size of a mitochondria) 2. Eukariotic cells are much bigger. http://interactivehuman.blogspot.com/2014/10/cell-size-and-scale.html

3. Bacteria Cells under our microscopes look like dots even under high power Sketch some bacteria cells in your notes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC0jeNUyQ9s

C. Smallest Eukaryotic Organisms are: Protists 1. Called Protists bsc were first eukaryotes on Earth 2. Most are unicellular single-celled organisms 3. A few like kelp and seaweed are multicellular 4. All have a nucleus and many membrane bound organelles (they are eukaryotes) 5. Some are animal-like, some plant-like, some fungus-like

D. Animal like Protists Called Protozoans Eat food for energy Lack cell walls and chloroplasts Can be grouped by locomotion

E. Locomotion of Animal-like Protists 1) ciliates: move by cilia 2) amoebozoans : move by pseudopods 3) flagellates: move by flagella 4) apicomplexans: non-motile (parasites)

F. Ciliates All have many short hair-like cilia Paramecium sp.

A) contractile vacuole B) food vacuole F) cilia G) oral groove H

Paramecium http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284

In your jar….

G. Amoebozoans Move by flowing cytoplasm into projections of cell membrane called pseudopods false feet Example: Amoeba Not in ecojars

Amoeba Structures to know A) nucleus B) contractile vacuole C) food vacuole D) pseudopod B C A D

amoeba http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeQ1c6_Md1Q

Animal-like Flagellates Move with few long hair-like structures No chloroplasts Trypanosoma sp. cause sleeping sickness Tsetse fly vector

Giardia…..hiker’s diarrhea

Apicomplexans All are Parasites Don’t move on their own Are carried by a vector Plasmodium sp. cause Malaria live inside human Red Blood Cells

Plant-like Protists Are photosynthetic & have chloroplasts May have accessory pigments that make them red, brown, or gold Unicellular types called phytoplankton plant floater Some are multicellular but lack tissues May have flagella

Euglenophyta Can do photosynthesis and act as heterotroph Green but lack cell wall Move with flagella Spinning motion Eyespot detects light

Euglena A) flagella B) eyespot C) chloroplast D) nucleus E) contractile vacuole A B E C D

Euglena http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl0TzaWUQWk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6DSmymMjoA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHZZKwrYm4g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md0PtdRxXvw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NepvSAJhlkw

Diatoms Golden-yellow Algae Unicellular 2 silica shells Important in phytoplankton food chain Move by squirting out water Diatomaceous earth

Brown Algae Brown pigments absorb wavelengths of light that reach deeper into the water. Largest multicellular algae Sargassum kelp 

Red Algae Red pigments absorb wavelengths of light even deeper in the water. (green & blue) Used to make thickeners & agar Multicellular

Fungus-like Protists Water molds Slime molds Major decomposers in forests and ponds