Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Chapter 2 EDPR 7521: Introduction to Educational Research Dr. Kakali Bhattacharya

Quantitative Research Predict Generalize There is one truth and with correct methods we can find the truth Large sample size Find wide patterns and trends

Qualitative Research Understand, interrogate, deconstruct In-depth understanding, transferable ideas Small sample size There are multiple truths and people process their worlds differently. If we find out how people process their worlds, their everyday experiences, what contributes to how they make meaning, then we can address critical issues Find themes and tell stories

Research from Both Perspectives QUANTITATIVE Trends Relationship amongst variables Research purpose specific and narrow Seek to measure numerically Preset questions and responses Statistical analysis Compare with predictions QUALITATIVE Exploration, give voice Detailed understanding Research purpose general and broad Seek to measure in terms of documenting experiences Word, image, music, lyrics, video data Open-ended inquiry (preset if needed) Analyze to describe and develop themes State larger meanings of findings

Quantitative Research Designs Specific approaches using quantitative inquiry Experimental Designs Control and experimental groups Randomized subject selection Correlational Designs Relationship between two variables Correlation DOES NOT mean causation Survey Designs Least rigorous Most used in Education

Qualitative Research Designs Grounded Theory Designs Generate a general explanation from common experiences Systematic process of inquiry Ethnographic Designs Descriptive research Tell the story of a culture Narrative Research Designs Write narratives about individual’s experiences Action Research Designs Addresses practical problems in schools and classrooms In conjunction with teachers and other stakeholders Make improvements and changes

Note About Mixed Methods Ok to do if synchronous Don’t attempt it if simultaneous Not enough good example Not good rationalization Need two equally robust designs Surveys are not mixed methods Words alone don’t make research qualitative. There has to be a design built in to the process

Are You Qualitative or Quantitative? Subjectivities What are your values How do you process the world? What do you think about truth? What would you really want to know? Know who your audience is Know where the work will be received in publication Think consequences (risk and benefit to you, participants, and the field)