This Month in Gastroenterology Jan Tack, John M. Carethers  Gastroenterology  Volume 133, Issue 3, Pages 733-736 (September 2007) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.035 Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the risk of CRC in subjects from North Jutland with recent or former PPI use and with >7 years of PPI use at varying intensities. (B) Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the risk of CRC in subjects from General Practice Research Database with increasingly longer histories of PPI use. Only recent PPI use is associated with a significantly higher risk for CRC, but this does not increase over time, suggesting diagnostic confounding over a drug use-related effect. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 733-736DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.035) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Inhibition of gliadin activity following treatment of wheat flour with mTGase and lysine methyl ester. IFN-γ production by intestinal T-cell lines. Results are expressed as percentage of the response induced by PT-gliadin isolated from untreated flour. mTGase, microbial transglutaminase; K-CH3, lysine methyl ester. *Statistically different from untreated wheat flour. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 733-736DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.035) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Preventive effects of recombinant L lactis strains against TNBS-induced acute colitis in BALB/c mice. Loss of body weight, colonic inflammation (macroscopically and microscopically scored according to the Wallace and Ameho criteria, respectively), and infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (estimated by tissue myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity) on day 3 after intrarectal TNBS administration as shown. Mice were pretreated with recombinant lactococcal strains. L1, L lactis; Ll–LcrV, L lactis carrying the Yersinia LcrV expression vector; Ll–IL-10, L lactis carrying an IL-10 expression vector. Three independent assays were performed and a representative experiment is depicted. Bars represent mean values of 10 animals ± SEM. *.01 < P < .05; **.001 < P < .01; ***P < .001; ns, not significant (P > .05). aMPO from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils was used for calibration; 1 enzyme unit degrades 1 μmol hydrogen peroxide/min/mL at 25°C. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 733-736DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.035) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Hepatic colony-forming units in culture transduced with Bmi1 or mutant β-catenin showed neoplastic transformation, which resulted in aggressive tumor growth. Tumor volume (left) and survival curves (right) are represented. EGFP is the green fluorescent protein control. Gastroenterology 2007 133, 733-736DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.035) Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions