The Unification of Italy

Italian Nationalist Leaders King Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppi Garibaldi [The “Sword”] Giuseppi Mazzini [The “Heart”] Count Cavour [The “Head”]

Italian Nationalist Leaders Count Cavour- Major leader of Italian unification Guiseppe Giribaldi- Responsible for the unification of Southern Italy Victor Immanuel-Declared himself the King of Italy

Problems Facing the New Italy The Constitutional Monarchy lacked representation of most Italians Various languages, systems of weights and measures and coinage Lack of resources for Industrialization Too much emphasis on military might

Pope Pius IX

Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”

Step #1

Step #2

Step #3

Italian Unification

The Kingdom of Italy: 1871

German Unification

German Unification

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck “Blood & Iron”

Bismarck and the Franco-Prussian War France’s defeat gave territory- Alsace Lorraine to Germany 1871 Bismarck united the German nations and Germany became one of the most powerful European nations

Unification of Germany

German Imperial Flag

Kaiser Wilhelm II

“Dropping the Pilot” 1890

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Eastern Europe in the Last Half of the 19c

Differing Nationalities in the Austrian Empire

Austrian Imperial Flag

Russian Expansion

Russian Imperial Flag

Russian Revolution of 1905 Protestors were fired on by soldiers, started riots across Russia October Manifesto- granted full civil liberties to all citizens, created the Duma ( National Legislature elected by the people) Revolution served as the basis for future attempts

Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews

The Ottoman Empire: Late 19c

The Balkan Nations and Independence Countries formerly apart of the Ottoman Empire that gained full or partial Independence. Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina turned over to Austria Montenegro Bulgaria Rumania

Europe at the end of the 19th Centurey The Ottoman Empire is crumbling due to Nationalism Gemany is unified and powerful Austria has many ethnic groups demanding independence Russia is on the verge of Revolution France and England powerful and stable