Aka: what’s the heimlich manuever? Respiratory system Aka: what’s the heimlich manuever?
Why the respiratory system? Large surface area for gas exchange Move air to gas exchange area Protect gas exchange area from pathogens, dehydration, extreme temperatures Make noise! Assist smelling ( who cut the cheese?).
Air conducting (moving) path External nares Nasal cavity guard hairs Air warmed and moistened Nasal septum
More path Oral cavity Soft palate- fleshy part beyond hard palate Separated from nasal by palatine/maxillary bones called “hard palate” Soft palate- fleshy part beyond hard palate Oropharynx- contains tonsils for protection from foreign bodies Glottis- hole at start of trachea Epiglottis- covers trachea Larynx- contains vocal cords or “voice box”
Cont. Coughing reflex- triggered when “stuff” hits vocal cords, “cough”-glottis is closed and pressure built up in lungs until glottis is suddenly released Tension on vocal cords determines pitch Trachea- extends from larynx to branching of bronchi, includes rings of cartilage for support
More Tracheostomy- inserting a tube through anterior tracheal wall. “Stoma” Bronchi- branching of trachea into primary, secondary and tertiary branches Bronchioles- when cartilage is no longer present ( less than 0.04 inch in diameter)
Alveola Sack where gas exchange occurs Trivia- 150 million alveola / lung Gives spongy appearance to lung Simple squamous epithelium Dust cells- macrophages that roam around eating up dust and debri Moist alveoli- why? Surfactant- oily secretion that reduces surface tension of moist alveoli
Air movement Hypoxia- hypo- low, oxia-? Anoxia-? Pulmonary ventilation depends on Pressure gradient-? Diaphragm- 75% of pulmonary vent. Rib cage- 25% of pulmonary vent.
Lung volume/ capacity Tidal volume- amount of air moved during a single respiratory cycle, normal breath Expiratory reserve volume- ( forced exhalation volume) amount voluntarily expelled after a regular exhalation Inspiratory reserve volume- (forced inhalation volume) amount voluntarily inhaled after a regular inhalation Vital capacity= tidal volume+ERV+IRV, max air you can move
Residual volume- air left in lung even after forceful exhalation