The summary Chicken & Egg argument Thinking & Language The summary Chicken & Egg argument

Language influences thinking Linguistic determinism (Whorf, 1956) – language determines what we think Language also teaches culture Use of pronouns influences our mental concept Immersion study in Canada

Thinking in images Procedural memory often in images Mental rehearsal has been shown to affect performance Cyclical process of language and thought

Animal thinking & language Does Fido think and speak?

Animals, Cognition, & Language Do animals think Concepts, insight, use of tools, cultural innovations, theory of mind (reasoning, self-recognition, empathy, imitation) Do animals exhibit language Animals do exhibit comprehension & communication React to their own sounds and human sounds