Change over Time (Evolution) Chapter 6

Does this Fish have legs? Rosy-lipped batfish Poor swimmer Uses pectoral fins to crawl on seafloor You Tube Video clip of batfish moving: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9inncLXA Hg (Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-lipped_batfish )

Charles Darwin: Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution--Species change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions Natural Selection—process by which individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive and reproduce 1831—naturalist who sailed HMS Beagle from England on 5-year trip around the world A scientific theory is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/377413/Charles-Darwins-Journey/

Similarities among organisms Sloths—Darwin thought fossil bones from giant sloth resembled those of modern-day sloths Many similarities between Galapagos organisms and those found in S. America Tortoises on one island had dome-shaped shells, saddle-shaped on other islands Galapagos iguana has large claws (to grip slippery rocks & eat seaweed) while mainland iguanas have smaller claws (to climb trees & eat leaves) Plants or animals on the Galapagos Islands faced conditions that were different from the mainland and evolved (changed over time)

Galapagos Finches Bird beaks are adapted to food type http://www.galapagosexpeditions.com/islands/darwin-finches.php

Warm-Up Who was the naturalist who traveled around the world on the HMS Beagle in 1831? Name the term: Species change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions Define Natural Selection:

Artificial Selection—only organisms with a desired characteristics are bred Ex: Labradoodle (Lab + Poodle smart, easy going dog that sheds very little) Ex: Darwin bred pigeons with large, fan-shaped tails http://fancypigeoncolletion.blogspot.com/2011/11/fantail-pigeon_03.html

English Peppered Moths Natural Selection—process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce more Factors affecting process of NS: Overproduction Variation Competition (often indirect) Environmental Change (ex: monkey flowers in copper- contaminated soil; peppered moths) English Peppered Moths (http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/nat-sel.htm)

Lamarck: Soft Inheritance --changes in an organism during its lifetime could be passed on to its offspring. “inheritance of acquired characteristics” Ex: giraffes stretch their necks to feed on leaves of tall trees. Lamark felt these giraffes would have offspring with long necks. WRONG! http://www.vce.bioninja.com.au/aos-4- change-over-time/evolution/evolutionary- theories.html

Vocabulary 6.1 1. _______ Adaptation 2. _______Species 3. _______ Evolution 4. _______ Theory 5. _______ Homologous Structure 6. _______ fossil A. Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past B. similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor C. A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations D. Change over time E. A trait that helps an individual survive and reproduce F. A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

6.2: Evidence of Evolution Tiktaalik 375 myo fossil Has characteristics of both fish and 4-legged animals Provides information about when the first fish came onto land (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060501_tiktaalik)

What evidence supports Evolution? Fossils: scientists can infer structure of ancient organisms and see how they are different than today. Fossils provide a record of when/ how organisms evolved Similarities of early development: developmental similarities (like gill slits & tails) of different organisms (chicken, fish, turtle, and pig) Similarities in body structure: similar structures (like a backbone in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds & mammals) suggest all evolved from a common ancestor. (Homologous Structures) Similarities in DNA & Protein Structure: species inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor.

Evidence of Evolution: Homology (http://www. bio. miami