IB Psychology 1.16.18 Today’s Agenda: Turn in: Your Internal Assessment! Take out: Notes, notes, notes Today’s Learning Objectives: Explain how biological factors affect one cognitive process (memory). Today’s Agenda: 3.6-3.9 Get ready for FINAL exam… 1st: 1/26 2nd: 1/26 3rd: 1/25 HW: LOOK AT YOUR NOTES…Make additional notes

Linking the BLOA to the CLOA What is it that about a biological factor that we can see in Alzheimer’s Disease that impacts a cognitive factor? 1906: Dr. Alois Alzheimer first describes "a peculiar disease” 1910 Alzheimer's disease named 1968 Development of cognitive measurement scales 1979 Alzheimer's recognized as most common form of dementia 1984 Beta-amyloid identified 1986 Tau protein identified 2010 Alzheimer's advances to sixth-leading cause of US deaths

Linking the BLOA to the CLOA What is it that about a biological factor that we can see in Alzheimer’s Disease that impacts a cognitive factor?

Linking the BLOA to the CLOA What is it that about a biological factor that we can see in Alzheimer’s Disease that impacts a cognitive factor? For more info, if interested: alz.org

Alzheimer’s Video: What connections between BLOA/CLOA can we find? Can we recover memory? NPR Clip: http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/01/504004353/zap-magnet-study-offers-fresh-insights-into-how-memory-works

What exactly are “Emotions”? https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=i%27m%20trapped%20in%20a%20glass%20box%20of%20emotion

What exactly are “Emotions”? emotion (n.) 1570s, "a (social) moving, stirring, agitation," from Middle French émotion (16c.), from Old French emouvoir "stir up" (12c.), from Latin emovere "move out, remove, agitate," from assimilated form of ex "out" (see ex-) + movere "to move" (see move (v.)). Sense of "strong feeling" is first recorded 1650s; extended to any feeling by 1808. Don Hockenbury defines “emotions” as: “a complex psychological state that involves three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and an expressive response.” When does this all start? subjective experience: any perception of an event by an individual, cognitive or otherwise…stimulus? physiological response: a bodily or physical reaction to a stimulus…fight or flight? expressive response: the manifestation of that physical response…facial, body language, tone, etc? Babies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apzXGEbZht0

If you’re comfortable…Jot down (if not, picture it) a “Traumatic” Event from your life… Where were you when you heard about the event? Who was with you when you head about the event? What were you doing when you heard about the event? How did you find out about the event? How did you feel when you heard about the event? How important was this event in your life? How often have you talked about this event?

Now, jot down a “Traumatic” Event from your life that has had a widespread impact (beyond you/family/friends)…that you remember… Where were you when you heard about the event? Who was with you when you head about the event? What were you doing when you heard about the event? How did you find out about the event? How did you feel when you heard about the event? How important was this event in your life? How often have you talked about this event?

Brown & Kulik (1977)proposed that some events can be remembered as though our mind had photographed them - what they called flashbulb memories.  They argued that these memories were caused when the event not only was surprising, but was of personal relevance to the life of the individual. They also argued that there must be a biological mechanism that led to the creation of these memories, but the following study did not investigate a biological component. The aim of their classic 1977 study was to investigate whether surprising and personally significant events can cause flashbulb memories.

Where were you when you heard about the event? Procedure The researchers asked 40 black and 40 white American male participants to fill out a questionnaire regarding the death of public figures - such as President John F Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr -  as well as of someone they personally knew. They were asked a series of questions about the event including: Where were you when you heard about the event? Who was with you when you head about the event? What were you doing when you heard about the event? How did you find out about the event? How did you feel when you heard about the event? (to indicate level of emotion) How important was this event in your life? (to indicate personal relevance) How often have you talked about this event? (to indicate rehearsal) The study was carried out in 1977.  President Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963 Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4, 1968.

Results The researchers found that 90% of the participants recalled a significant amount of detail about the day when these events occurred. Most participants had very detailed memories of the death of a loved one. However, there was a difference in their memories of the assassination of public officials, based on the personal relevance of the event to the participant. 75% of white participants had flashbulb memories of the murder of John F Kennedy, compared to 33% of black participants. Results were nearly identical in reversed roles…

Decision-making

Decision-making Scenario 1: You have $30 You now have a decision to make… Option 1: no further gain.

Decision-making Scenario 2: You are given $2000  You now have a decision to make… Option 1: Flip a coin Heads—you will lose $2000 Tails—you will gain $1000 Option 2: Don’t flip a coin You will lose $500

Decision-making http://www.ted.com/talks/laurie_santos https://www.ted.com/talks/read_montague_what_we_re_learning_from_5_000_brains http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-smoking-marijuana-does-to-the-brain/