Natural Environments of Europe World Geography Today 2/25/2019 Natural Environments of Europe Preview Section 1: Physical Features Section 2: Climates and Biomes Section 3: Natural Resources Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 13

Section 1: Physical Features Read to Discover What are Europe’s major landform regions? What are the region’s main rivers and bodies of water?

Section 1: Physical Features Major Islands—Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland Major Peninsulas—Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, Balkan Landform Regions of Europe Northwest Highlands—Ancient eroded region of rugged hills and low mountains Northern European Plain—Broad coastal plain with rivers Central Uplands—Hills and small plateaus, with forested slopes and fertile valleys Alpine Mountain System—Europe’s major mountain ranges

Section 1: Physical Features Question What are the major bodies of water in Europe?

Section 1: Physical Features Europe’s Major Bodies of Water Seas North Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea Rivers Rhine, Danube, Guadalquivir, Elbe, Seine, Thames Europe’s Major Bodies of Water Oceans Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean Straits Bosporus, Gibraltar, English Channel

Section 2: Climates and Biomes Read to Discover How do ocean currents affect the distribution of Europe’s climates? Which biomes are found in this region?

Section 2: Climates and Biomes Ocean Currents and Climate The North Atlantic Drift, a warm ocean current, creates a warm, moist air mass that is blown by westerly winds across Europe, bringing mild temperatures and rain. Without the effects of this current, Europe would have a colder climate.

Section 2: Climates and Biomes Temperate Forest—Ash, beech, maple, oak; badgers, deer, birds Mediterranean Scrub Forest—Small trees and shrubs; wild boars, wild sheep Boreal Forest—Evergreen trees Tundra—Usually frozen; swamps and marshes; migratory birds, reindeer, foxes

Section 2: Climates and Biomes Question What are the locations, plants, and animals of Europe’s biomes?

Section 2: Climates and Biomes Mediterranean Scrub Forest Temperate Forest Mediterranean Scrub Forest Boreal Forest Tundra • Covers most of Europe • Ash, beech, maple, oak trees • Badgers, deer, many birds • Southern Europe • Small trees, shrubs, drought-resistant plants • Wild boars, wild sheep • Northern and central Europe • Spruce, pine, fir trees • Far northern Europe • Treeless, frozen ground most of the year • Swamps • Migratory birds, reindeer, foxes

Section 3: Natural Resources Read to Discover Where are Europe’s forest, soil, and fishery resources located? What energy and mineral resources are found in this region, and where are they located?

Section 3: Natural Resources Question What resources are found in each of Europe’s physical regions?

Section 3: Natural Resources Northern European Plain Northwest Highlands Fertile soils, fishing, coal, natural gas, uranium, ocean tidal, solar power, nuclear power Europe’s Natural and Energy Resources Forests, fishing, coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, hydroelectricity, geothermal power, nuclear power Alpine Mountain System Central Uplands Fertile soils, fishing, marble, lead, zinc, other metals, hydroelectricity Fertile soils, coal, nuclear power

Section 3: Natural Resources Forests Timber-producing forests are found in Sweden and Finland. Many forests are depleted, but reforestation and protection programs exist.

Section 3: Natural Resources Soils Northern European Plain has excellent soil. Southern Europe has good alluvial soils (examples: Italy’s Po Valley, Spain’s Guadalquivir River valley).

Section 3: Natural Resources Fisheries Fishing occurs along all coasts. Best fisheries are in North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and in North Sea.

Section 3: Natural Resources Minerals Coal—Germany (Ruhr field), Britain, Poland Iron Ore—Sweden, France Uranium—France Lead, Zinc, Other Metals—Spain, southern Europe Marble—Italy, southern Europe

Section 3: Natural Resources Energy Sources Oil and Gas—North Sea (Norway, Britain, Netherlands) Hydroelectricity—Norway, Sweden, Switzerland Ocean Tidal and Solar—France Geothermal—Iceland Nuclear Power—France, Belgium, Bulgaria, Sweden

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas World Geography Today 2/25/2019 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas How have tectonic processes shaped the physical environment of Europe? Where can you find glacially scoured landscapes in Europe? What are these landscapes like? What are Europe’s three major climate types? Which biome do large parts of northern and central Europe have? How have people affected it? Where are Europe’s best fisheries located? Chapter 13