Osamu Katayama, MD, Simon J

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Functional and Metabolic Effects of Adenosine in Cardioplegia: Role of Temperature and Concentration Osamu Katayama, MD, Simon J.M Ledingham, MD, Mohamed Amrani, MD, Ryszard T Smolenski, MD, David R Lachno, DPhil, Jay Jayakumar, MD, Magdi H Yacoub, FRCS The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 63, Issue 2, Pages 449-454 (February 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1

Fig. 1 Coronary flow during the first and the last infusion of cardioplegic solution containing different concentration of adenosine. Values are the means ± standard error of the mean. (∗p < 0.05 versus 0 mmol/L adenosine; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus 0 and 0.1 mmol/L adenosine.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 449-454DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1)

Fig. 2 Recovery of functional parameters after cardioplegic arrest and ischemia with cardioplegic solution containing different concentration of adenosine. Values are the means ± standard error of the mean. (AF = aortic flow; CF = coronary flow; CO = cardiac output; dP/dt = first derivative of pressure; PAP = peak aortic pressure; ∗p < 0.05 versus 0 mmol/L adenosine; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus 0 and 0.1 mmol/L adenosine.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 449-454DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1)

Fig. 3 Recovery of cardiac output after ischemia at different temperatures with adenosine concentration of 0 or 10 mmol/L. Values are the means ± standard error of the mean. (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 449-454DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1)

Fig. 4 Concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and related metabolites in the heart at the end of ischemia in hearts infused with cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of adenosine. Values are the means ± standard error of the mean. (ADP = adenosine diphosphate; AMP = adenosine monophosphate; HYP = hypoxanthine; INO = inosine; ∗p < 0.05 versus 0 mmol/L adenosine; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus 0.1 mmol/L adenosine; #p < 0.05 versus 5 mmol/L adenosine and p < 0.05 versus 10 mmol/L adenosine.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 449-454DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1)

Fig. 5 Concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and related metabolites in the heart after reperfusion. Hearts were infused with cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of adenosine. Values are the means ± standard error of the mean. (∗p < 0.05 versus 0 mmol/L adenosine; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus 0.1 mmol/L adenosine; abbreviations are as in Fig. 4.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 449-454DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01230-1)