WARM UP (most got them yesterday) Clean paper / pencil You need: WARM UP (most got them yesterday) Clean paper / pencil HW: Human body system chart Warm Up: What should you know about each system? I CAN: identify the parts and functions of the nervous and endocrine and musculoskeletal systems. Sept.18, 2018

Be the positive. It takes many “put-ups” to cancel a “put-down.”

Today HW check while we quiz. Packet progress…Nervous and Endocrine will be our next systems. **Based on the performance in class, students need to be held more responsible. We will TEST by the end of the week. Limited time with the information!

The Nervous System

The Nervous System Receives information about what’s happening What is its FUNCTION? Receives information about what’s happening inside and outside the body. Directs the way your body responds to this info. Helps maintain homeostasis.

The Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Network of Nerves that The nervous system is made up of the: Brain Spinal Cord Network of Nerves that branch out to ALL parts of your body

A Neuron (Nerve Cell) AXON DENDRITES CELL BODY AXON TIPS Neurons carry information through the nervous system. There are BILLIONS of neurons in your body. They are constantly sending/receiving messages. The message that a neuron carries is a nerve impulse.

Direction message travels A Neuron (Nerve Cell) AXON DENDRITES CELL BODY AXON TIPS Direction message travels AXON – carries the messages down to the AXON TIPS, which sends the message to the next neuron. DENDRITES – receive messages and sends them toward CELL BODY (contains a nucleus).

The Synapse An impulse travels down the axon to the axon tips where it either travels to another neuron or to a muscle or gland to carry out a response. The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another structure is called a synapse.

The Endocrine System Pituitary gland – in the brain Hypothalamus gland – in the brain Thyroid gland – in the neck Thymus gland – in the chest / heart region Parathyroid gland – in the neck Pancreas– in the trunk / main body region Adrenal glands – on the top of each kidney Ovaries (girls) and sperm (boys)– in the reproductive organs

The Endocrine System The Functions of the Endocrine System: The endocrine system produces __________________that control many of the body’s daily activities. The endocrine system also _____________ long-term changes such as ______________ and ______________. chemicals regulates growth development

The Endocrine System Made of… The endocrine system is made up of _____________, organs that _______________________ a chemical. Some glands, such as those that produce _________________________ release their chemicals into tiny tubes. The tubes deliver the chemicals to a _______________________ within the body or ________________________________. glands produces or releases saliva and sweat specific location to the skin’s surface

The Endocrine System Made of… Hormones turn on, ________________ , speed up, or ________________ the activities of different organs and tissues. You can think of a hormone as a __________________. Hormones are carried throughout the body by ______________________. Therefore, hormones can regulate activities in tissues and organs that are not close to the glands that produce them. turn off slow down chemical messenger the blood

The Endocrine System Hormones work how? In contrast to the body’s response to a nerve impulse, hormones usually cause a _________________________________ response. When a hormone enters the bloodstream, it affects ____________ organs but not others. A hormone interacts only with specific _________________ . slower, but longer-lasting some target cells

The Endocrine System Negative Feedback… The endocrine system often uses ___________________ to maintain _____________________. Through negative feedback, when the amount of a _____________________ in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system sends signals that _________________ the release of that hormone. negative feedback homeostasis particular hormone STOP

Skeletal and Muscular Systems & Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Skeletal System The skeletal system is made up of all the bones in your body. The adult human skeleton has 206 bones. Babies actually have around 300 bones! As we grow, some small bones join together to form larger bones.

What does it do for us? Our skeleton… Gives us shape and support, Helps us move, Protects our organs, Produces blood cells, and Stores stuff (like calcium and fat) until the body needs it.

How are bones connected? Bones are connected at joints. (LIGAMENTS hold your bones together!) Joints allow bones to move in different ways; for example, your elbow joint and your shoulder joint provide different types of motion Some joints do not allow movement (like in your skull).

TYPES of JOINTS 1) HINGE JOINT allows back-and-forth movement (like the hinge on a door). Examples: Knee, Elbow

TYPES of JOINTS 2) BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT allows wide-range of motion. One bone with rounded end fits into a “cup-like” shape on another bone. Examples: Shoulder, Hip

TYPES of JOINTS 3) PIVOT JOINT allows one bone to rotate around another. Examples: Neck (can turn your head from side-to-side.) Forearm (can twist side-to- side).

TYPES of JOINTS 4) GLIDING JOINT allows one bone to slide over another. Examples: Wrists and Ankles let you bend and flex.

Are bones alive? Yes! The skeletal system, like all organ systems, is made of up organs (your bones), which are made up of living cells and tissues. Bones grow and develop, and can heal themselves if you break one!

What is on the inside of a bone? Bones contain four main layers: Outer Membrane: Thin and tough; blood vessels and nerves enter the bone through the membrane. Compact bone: Hard, dense layer of bone that has small canals carrying blood vessels and nerves. Canal

What is on the inside of a bone? 3. Spongy bone: This layer has many air spaces like a sponge to make the bones lightweight. 4. Marrow: Inside most bones; red marrow makes blood cells and yellow marrow stores fat.

Keeping Your Bones Healthy Diet and exercise are two ways to keep your bones healthy Eat foods high in calcium and phosphorus, like dairy products, meats, and leafy green vegetables. Exercise gets your bones used to heavier loads, which makes them stronger.

Keeping Your Bones Healthy Osteoporosis is a disease where bones lose minerals and become weak. Osteoporosis mostly affects the elderly.

The Muscular System Muscles are organs that can relax or contract to provide the force needed to move your body parts. Tendons are strong tissues that attach muscles to bone.

Why do I need tendons? Try This... Tendons attach muscles to bone helping the body move. Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg. This is the THICKEST tendon in your body (Achilles Tendon). Try This... TENDON

What do they do for us? Our muscles… hold bones together so we can move, hold our organs in place, help us chew and digest our food, pump our blood, and allow us to blink, smile, walk, laugh, etc.

What types of muscles are there? Muscles can be… Voluntary (you choose to use them) or Involuntary (they work without you thinking about them) And, they can be… Skeletal (attached to bones), Smooth (in your digestive system), or Cardiac (in your heart) Skeletal Voluntary Smooth Involuntary Cardiac

What types of muscles are there? Voluntary Involuntary Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

How do muscles work? Muscles can’t push. They only pull (contract) and then relax to return to original length. Muscles often work in pairs, so that they can pull in different or opposite directions. Example: bicep bends the elbow, and tricep extends the elbow.

How can you STRENGTHEN your muscular system? EXERCISE EVERYDAY! Exercise makes individual muscle cells grow wider, thicker, and stronger. EAT foods that are HIGH IN PROTEIN every day – protein helps to build strong muscles.

Fun Facts about the Muscular System You have about 650 muscles in your body. Muscles make up HALF your body weight. Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks. Smiling is easier than frowning. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.